Sub-Saharan African countries have recorded poor statistical indices of nutritional progress more than any other continent, except in a few cases when compared with some Asian countries. High incidences of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality have dotted the landscape in this region, with myriads of challenges. Poor maternal and infant nutrition have been associated directly and indirect...

Numerous are the publications dealing with contraceptive efficacy, and even more numerous are statistical details. Such interest in efficacy does not come as a surprise as for most women and their care providers interested in birth control or family planning, efficacy of contraceptive methods together with safety are the primary concerns. Interestingly enough precisely this highly important iss...

BACKGROUND Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a potential cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but previous studies have been limited by low exposures and small study size. OBJECTIVES Using birth certificate information, we examined the relation between estimated PFOA exposure and birth outcomes in an area of West Virginia and Ohio whose drinking water was contaminated by a chemical plant. ME...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Diabetes is well-known to influence endothelial function. Endothelial function and blood flow regulation might be different in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancy. However, the impact of umbilical blood flow regulation in gestational diabetes on fetal development is unknown so far. METHODS In a prospective birth cohort study, we analyzed the association of the umbilical artery...

Introduction: Head circumference (HC) measurement is one of the important parameter for diagnosis of neurological, developmental disorders and dysmorphic syndromes. Recognition of different disorders requires an understanding of normal variation for HC size, in particular, in infancy period with most rapid growth of the brain. Because of international and interracial standard chart differences ...

Abstract Objectives: to perform a systematic review of studies that investigated the influence ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption during pregnancy on child’s anthropometric parameters up one year life. Methods: cohort and cross-sectional were researched in BVS, Cinahl, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus Web Science databases until March 2020, main descriptors were: “Pregnant Women”, “Ultra-p...

Introduction: Like other measures of human development, dental development is not in complete accordance to chronological age. Investigations show that dental age can be affected by gender, race, systemic conditions, and some other factors and consequently, be different in people of the same chronological age. A correct estimation of dental age and its development in children is of great import...

OBJECTIVE Place of birth is a known determinant of health care outcomes, interventions and costs. Many studies have examined the maternal and perinatal outcomes when women plan to give birth in hospitals compared with births in birth centres or at home. However, these studies vary substantially in rigour; assessing their quality is challenging. Existing research appraisal tools do not always ca...

in order to determine the exact birth rate and also percent of birth - orders in all births in the province of west azerbaijan, all centres of birth registration in the province were asked to fill a questionnaire at the time of issuing identity document for children. in the questionnaire, parents were asked to mention the place of birth, sex and birth order of the children and also the occupati...

This paper analyzed the multi-machine repairable system with one unreliable server and repairman. The machines may break at any time. One oversees servicing machine breakdown. fail time different failure rates in idle busy repairman is responsible for repairing failure; repair rate variable to adapt whether are all functioning normally or not. All distributions exponential. Using quasi-birth-de...