Occupational epidemiology has its roots in classical medicine. However, it became a quantitative discipline only in the 20th century, through the pioneering work of individuals such as Case, Lloyd, and Selikoff and organizations such as the Division of Occupational Health of the U.S. Public Health Service. Studies of chemical dye workers, bituminous coal miners, smelting workers, and uranium mi...

This surveillance report examines trends in selected pneumoconioses in the U.S. for 1968–2005 and their relationship with past indicators of extent of exposure. Numbers of deaths with asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) were tabulated by time and age at death. Worker monitoring CWP prevalence data were tabulated by tenure group. Information on indicators of extent and ...

Poor adhesion between two successive bituminous layers causes adverse effects on the structural strength of the pavement and develops a numbers of premature failure. To improve the adhesion, it is a general practice to apply a tack coat over an existing or newly constructed bituminous surface before laying another bituminous layer. The main objective of this study is to explore the influence of...

Extracts from a peat, a low-rank coal and a bituminous oíl shale obtained with liquid carbon dioxide were studied by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared with those obtained by Soxhlet extraetion with n-hexane. Although the extraetion yields with liquid carbon dioxide were lower, the composition of the extraets, comprising mainly a large variety of linear and cyclic hydro...

Oxy-fuel coal combustion with flue gas re-circulation is known to be one of the most promising methods for reducing CO2 emissions from coal combustion power plants. In the oxy-fuel system, the combustion atmosphere consists of only O2 separated from air and flue gas re-circulated from a stack. Therefore, the flue gas is dominated by CO2 without any nitrogen gas. The most attractive potential as...

Propylene and acetylene are released to mine air with the increase in the temperature of self-heating coal. Concentrations of these gases in mine air are applied as indicators of the progress of the self-heating process. Hydrocarbons emitted from the self-ignition center are sorbed on coal, while migrating through the mine workings. Coal crushed during the mining process is characterized by a h...

Coal will continue to be the most demanded energy source worldwide, which highlights the importance of better understanding current practices and environmental impacts of this industry. Indonesia is the largest coal exporter in the world, but studies evaluating the environmental impacts of the coal industry in this country are missing in the literature. A case study of the Indonesian coal suppl...

Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions removal using adsorbents prepared from sub-bituminous coal, lignite, and a blend of coal and Irvingia gabonensis seed shells was investigated. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope and X-ray fluorescence analyses implicated hydroxyl, carbonyl, Al2O3, and SiO2 as being responsible for attaching the metal ions on the porous adsorbents. The optimum adsorpt...

In this work, char gasification of two coals (i.e., Shenfu bituminous coal and Zunyi anthracite) and a petroleum coke under a steam and CO2 mixture (steam/CO2 partial pressures, 0.025–0.075 MPa; total pressures, 0.100 MPa) and CO2/steam chemisorption of char samples were conducted in a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). Two conventional kinetic models exhibited difficulties in exactly fitting th...

The purpose of this study is to characterize the relationship between organic material and thermal maturity during the process of evaluation of hydrocarbon potential. Samples studied include Miocene high volatile bituminous coal and coaly shale collected from outcrops and exploration wells in Hsinchu-Miaoli area, NW Taiwan, density centrifuge separated macerals, bituminous coal and anthracite f...