Separation of different domestic wastewater streams and targeted on-site treatment for resource recovery has been recognized as one of the most promising sanitation concepts to re-establish the balance in carbon, nutrient and water cycles. In this study a model was developed based on literature data to compare energy and water balance, nutrient recovery, chemical use, effluent quality and land ...

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of enniatins A, A1, B and B1 and beauvericin, both in human urine and plasma samples, was developed and validated. The method consisted of a simple and easy pretreatment, specific for each matrix, followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) and detection by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with an electrospray ion sou...

A 46-year-old black man with diabetes mellitus and hypertension was hospitalized because of myocardial ischemia and chronic renal failure. The electrophoretogram for protein in urine revealed proteins only in the alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta regions. These protein fractions were identified as small molecules by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No albumin was detected in ...

Black Americans experience a disproportionate burden of ESRD compared with whites. Whether this is caused by the increased prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) among blacks or by their increased progression from CRI to ESRD was investigated. A birth cohort analysis was performed using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the United States Renal Dat...

OBJECTIVES To assess the reliability and reproducibility of estimations of group mean 24-h urinary sodium (Na) excretion through timed spot urines compared to 24 h urinary Na output in two independent cross-sectional population samples including men and women and different ethnic groups. METHODS AND RESULTS Study 1 was carried out in Britain and included 915 untreated 40-59 yrs male and femal...

A Japanese Black calf, 3 day-old male, showed severe ataxia, lateral recumbency, and opisthotonos at the birth. Histopathological examinations revealed severe status spongiosis throughout the central nervous system. Numerous vacuoles within the neuropile varying in size and shape were observed in both formalin-fixed paraffin and cryostat sections. In the lesions, a limited number of spheroids a...

To ensure food supply, phosphorus must be recycled, for which an appealing method is using struvite fertilizer from human excreta. One struvite from black water and another from urine were assessed for safety under Dutch regulations, and for effectiveness as P fertilizer in a maize field experiment and a literature review. Both struvites contained 12% P, 12% Mg, 6% N, and 0.5-1.5% of several mi...

Alkaptonuria is a rare inherited genetic disorder of tyrosine metabolism that causes the urine to turn black on contact with the air when homogentisic acid is oxidized to form a pigment-like polymer material [1,2]. The earliest sign of the disorder is the tendency for babies’ diapers to stain black; later on in childhood and early adulthood, there is an asymptomatic, progressive deposition of t...

BACKGROUND To ensure sustainable routine surveillance of mosquito vectors, simple, effective and ethically acceptable tools are required. As a part of that, we evaluated the efficiency of resting boxes baited with fresh and aging cattle urine for indoor and outdoor sampling of An. arabiensis in the lower Moshi rice irrigation schemes. METHODS A cattle urine treatment and re-treatment schedule...

Recently, an emergency health problem erupted that worried the world, which is black fungus infection associated with Covid-19, especially in India and some regions of Middle East. The members genus Rhizopus or Mucor resulted common mucormycosis. Humans become infected by inhaling depositing spores fungi tissues body. Rhinocerebral site most susceptible to . Several factors may have contributed...