BACKGROUND Accidental intrathecal injection of bupivacaine during epidural analgesia in labour remains a hazard, with the potential to cause total spinal anaesthesia and maternal collapse. Sacral block appears early after intrathecal injections compared with epidural ones, and we therefore used SI motor block to determine a safe and reliable test dose for epidural catheter misplacement. METHO...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The recommendations for the level of injection and ideal placement of the needle tip required for successful ultrasound-guided sciatic popliteal block vary among authors. A hypothesis was made that, when the local anesthetic is injected at the division of the sciatic nerve within the common connective tissue sheath, the block has a higher success rate than an injection ...

Network firewalls, IPS, and even some dedicated Web application firewall technologies attempt to identify SQL injection via traditional signature-based protections. Signature protections attempt to identify and block SQL injection-related text patterns within Web traffic flows. Unfortunately, real world experience has proven that reliance upon signatures alone is not enough to defeat SQL Inject...

BACKGROUND Several factors are thought to affect the spread and duration of spinal anesthesia (SA) in adults. These include the volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lumbar spinal canal, which has a negative correlation with both the spread and duration of the sensory block. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether CSF aspiration before an injection of levobupivacaine affected the spread or durat...

BACKGROUND This prospective, randomized, blinded study tested the hypothesis that ultrasound guidance can shorten the onset time of axillary brachial plexus block as compared with nerve stimulation guidance when using a multiple injection technique. METHODS Sixty American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I-III patients receiving axillary brachial plexus block with 20 ml ropivacaine, ...

There are multiple sites at which the brachial plexus block can be induced in selecting regional anesthesia for upper extremity surgical patients. The most frequently used blocks are axillary, infraclavicular, supraclavicular, and interscalene. One must understand brachial plexus anatomy to use these blocks effectively, as well as the practical clinical differences between the blocks. Axillary ...

Background: Supraclavicular nerve block is a method for upper limb surgery in Anesthesiology. In this method that is common for supraclavicular block, injection anesthesia on the first rib and it has complications such as pneumothorax, phrenic never pulsy, infection, intra spinal injection. In this study injection with a 10 degree cephalic side as compared with the first rib in order to decreas...

Background: It has been shown that placing local Anesthetics (LA) as far 4 mm laterally from the sheath of brachial plexus throughout US-guided ISBPB can result in beneficial analgesia for shoulder surgeries, demonstrating significance needle-nerve proximity context ISBPB. The distance to phrenic nerve is increased by this extrafascial injection, which may lessen possibility anesthetic spread w...