The difference between block codes and convolutional codes is the encoding principle. In the block codes, the information bits are followed by the parity bits. In convolutional codes the information bits are spread along the sequence. That means that the convolutional codes map information to code bits not block wise, but sequentially convolve the sequence of information bits according to some ...

In this correspondence, block and convolutional coding for Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels is investigated. The performance improvement that can be obtained without an increase in bandwidth is found for block and convolutional codes with various block lengths and constraint lengths, respectively, when a simple suboptimal demodulation scheme ...

A 69-year-old woman had acute cholecystitis that mimicked right bundle branch block with coved-type ST-segment elevation in the precordial electrocardiogram leads (Brugada-type ST shift). The patient did not have obvious heart disease, syncope, or a family history of sudden death. The coved-type ST-segment elevation disappeared as the acute inflammation subsided. Intravenous administration of p...

We consider several computational problems related to conjugacy between subshifts of finite type, restricted k -block codes: verifying a proposed conjugacy, deciding if two shifts admit and reducing the representation size shift via conjugacy. give polynomial-time algorithm for verification, show GI - NP -hardness size, respectively. Our approach focuses on 1-block conjugacies vertex shifts, fr...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to describe the configuration, and investigate the mechanisms, of QRS changes occurring during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). BACKGROUND QRS changes during PTCA have been attributed to both a passive ST segment shift and conduction disturbances (peri-ischemic block). The direct relation between ST segment shift and QRS changes, h...

Previous work has established that the polyspermy block in Urechis acts at the level of sperm-egg membrane fusion. (J. Exp. Zool. 196:105). Present results indicate that during the first 5--10 min after insemination the block is mediated by a positive shift in membrane potential (the fertilization potential) elicited by the penetrating sperm, since holding the membrane potential of the unfertil...

We examined the mechanism underlying increased quantal content after block of activity at the mouse neuromuscular junction in vivo. We found that, when quantal content was measured in solution containing normal extracellular calcium, block of activity had no effect on either quantal content or the response to repetitive stimulation. However, when quantal content was measured in low extracellula...

A new type of two-dimensional automaton has been defined to recognize a class of twodimensional shifts of finite type having the property that every admissible block found within the related local picture language can be extended to a point of the subshift. Here it is shown that this automaton accurately represents the image of the represented twodimensional shift of finite type under a block c...