BACKGROUND The most frequent pathogen that causes bacterial meningitis is the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ is a transcription factor that has recently been hypothesized to play a detrimental role in outcome of meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae. Here, we studied the role of C/EBPδ prior to the development of pneumococcal meningitis. M...

In vitro studies with Trichoderma spp., soil-borne fungal antagonists, demonstrated that a number of isolates produced volatile and non-volatile metabolites capable of inhibiting the growth and sporulation of several soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. Microscopic observations showed that T. harzianm and T. viride, isolated from soil samples from Ahwaz and Karaj, adversely affected the myce...

We determined the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. A total of 303 EDTA blood samples were collected from domestic dogs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, in May 2013. Microscopic observation of Giemsa-stained smears and molecular diagnosis using conventional PCR were performed. Infected dogs were treated with imid...

Blood borne infectious diseases are usually a public concern. The transmissions of many diseases are via blood borne mode. Several activities are related to this transmission such as injection, blood transfusion and transplantation. Also, the acupuncture practice can be a possible route for blood borne infectious disease transmission. In this specific review, the author briefly reviews acupunct...

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that has killed an estimated half-a-million people worldwide since 2000. It may be time consuming and costly to conduct thorough laboratory testing for malaria, it also requires the skills of trained personnel. Additionally, human analysis might make mistakes. Integrating denoising image segmentation techniques with Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) as dat...

Background: Pulicaria gnaphalodes, Ducrosia anethifolia, Trachyspermum copticum, Foeniculum vulgare Mill and Majorana hortensis Minch are widely used as herbal plants in traditional medicine and they have been reported to have a variety of therapeutic effects. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of essential oils (EOs) extracted from these medicinal herbs against si...

Pathogens transmitted by arthropod vectors are common in human populations, agricultural systems and natural communities. Transmission of these vector-borne pathogens depends on the population dynamics of the vector species as well as its interactions with other species within the community. In particular, predation may be sufficient to control pathogen prevalence indirectly via the vector. To ...

Among the millions of microorganisms inhabiting soils, some can be plant pathogens, meaning they become a disease to plants. Some diseases are more well-known than others. This is case clubroot, very atypical microorganism that infects cruciferous plants, such as cabbage, kale, canola, and common research thale cress. In this article, I will tell you about clubroot because there still lot disco...

Molecular determinants and mechanisms of arthropod-borne flavivirus transmission to the vertebrate host are poorly understood. In this study, we show for the first time that a cell line from medically important arthropods, such as ticks, secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes that mediate transmission of flavivirus RNA and proteins to the human cells. Our study shows that tick...

Introduction: Dental students are at high risk for occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens (including HBV, HCV and AIDS) via sharps and needle stick injuries (NSIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate sharps and needle stick injuries among dental students and students' practice regarding protective strategies against blood borne pathogens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was perfo...