INTRODUCTION Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process characterized by ectopic osseous growth in muscle and periarticular regions. Although HO may develop from rare genetic disorders, abnormal bone growth has been most frequently reported following trauma, arthroplasty, burns, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury. The amount of HO that forms following soft tissue injury ...

Osteomas, the most common skull tumors, are typically excised through either an open or endoscopic ostectomy using a high-speed drill, a technically challenging procedure that can result in injury to adjacent soft tissue structures. Osteoma removal through ultrasonic bone emulsification and aspiration (UBA) offers the advantages of decreased blood loss, preservation of adjacent soft tissue stru...

Retrograde cystography and computed tomography (CT) are considered the gold standard for investigating bladder and pelvic bone injury. However, these methods can miss extraperitoneal bladder rupture caused by a penetrating bone fragment from a pelvic bone fracture. We experienced a routine conventional cystography and CT scan that failed to identify penetration of the bladder by a bone fragment...

Bone marrow transplantation can be complicated by renal failure resulting from a variety of causes. Early renal injury most often results from infection and its subsequent treatment with nephrotoxic medications. Late renal injury after bone marrow transplantation is characterized by a syndrome similar to the hemolytic uremic syndrome. This renal syndrome, called “bone marrow transplant nephropa...

Radiation therapy can result in bone injury with the development of fractures and often can lead to delayed and nonunion of bone. There is no prevention or treatment for irradiation-induced bone injury. We irradiated the distal half of the mouse left femur to study the mechanism of irradiation-induced bone injury and found that no mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were detected in irradiated distal...

Measuring a bone’s response to impact has traditionally been done using strain gauges that are attached directly to the bone. However, in addition to being invasive (in vivo), strain gauges are expensive, are generally used only once, and can be difficult to assemble and attach to the specimens being tested. While accelerometers are an attractive tool to overcome these limitations [1], little d...

To investigate the supplement of lost nerve cells in rats with traumatic brain injury by intravenous administration of allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, this study established a Wistar rat model of traumatic brain injury by weight drop impact acceleration method and administered 3 × 10(6) rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the lateral tail vein. At 14 days after cell transpl...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether bone mineral density loss after spinal cord injury can be attenuated by an early intervention with functional electrical stimulation cycling exercises (FESCE) and to ascertain whether the effect persists after FESCE is discontinued. DESIGN A prospective study. SUBJECTS Twenty-four individuals with spinal cord injury, 26-52 days after spinal cord injury, were d...

Head injuries are commonly seen in accident and emergency (A&E) departments and within this group a small proportion will have a temporal bone fracture. Thirty-four such cases were identified from a 7-year period and their case notes were reviewed. The mechanisms of injury included:falls outdoors (15 cases), falls in the home (eight cases), road traffic accidents (RTAs; seven cases), missiles (...

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has been extensively studied in organs such as heart, brain, liver, kidney, and lung. As a vascularized organ, bone is known to be susceptible to I/R injury too, but the respective mechanisms are not well understood to date. We therefore hypothesized that, similar to other organs, plasma cascade-induced inflammation also plays a role in bone I/R injury. Reperfu...