renal cell carcinoma comprises about 2% of adult tumors. the overall 10-year survival rate of patients with rcc after nephrectomy is about 18-27%. the incidence of metastasis of initial rcc is about 24-28%, but this rate after nephrectomy is as high as 51%. the most common site of recurrence is the lung, however liver and bone metastases are common. there are many reported cases with late metas...

The metastasis is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Two-thirds of patients with cancer will develop bone metastasis. Breast, prostate and lung cancer are responsible for more than 80% of cases of metastatic bone disease. The spine is the most common site of bone metastasis. A spinal metastasis may cause pain, instability and neurological injuries. The diffusion through ...

www.amepc.org/tau © Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved. In a large multicenter phase 3 randomized controlled trial published in Lancet, Smith and colleagues highlight a potential new indication for denosumab for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (1). Already approved for prevention of skeletal-related events in the setting of bone metastases in solid tumors ...

We examined the effects of prostaglandin E (PGE) receptor subtype EP4 antagonist on bone metastasis of cancer to clarify PGE's role in bone metastasis. Metastatic regions were detected in femurs accompanying severe bone loss in mice injected with B16 malignant melanoma cells. Administration of EP4 antagonist restored the bone loss induced by B16 melanoma. Adding B16 cells induced osteoclast for...