Botanical insecticides are relatively safe and degradable, and are readily available sources of biopesticides. The most prominent phytochemical pesticides in recent years are those derived from neem trees, which have been studied extensively in the fields of entomology and phytochemistry, and have uses for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. The neem products have been obtained from several specie...

The papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) Williams & Granara de Wilink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a main pest of plants. Attacks by these pests can cause plants failed to produce the fruit and even death. usual control technique used farmers use synthetic pesticides that have negative impact on human health environment. alternative using botanical insecticides good solution population...

Background: Nowadays stored–product insect pests are controlled by pesticides and chemical fumigant compounds. The continueous use of chemical pesticides is harmful for non–target creatures specially humans and other mammals. Beside they polluted the environment. Objective: Accoring to the studies, the essential oil of Labiatae plants have insecticidal activity against some pests. In this st...

Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The present investigations were made to eva...

The overall control of the quality of botanical drugs starts from the botanical raw material, continues through preparation of the botanical drug substance and culminates with the botanical drug product. Chromatographic and spectroscopic fingerprinting has been widely used as a tool for the quality control of herbal/botanical medicines. However, discussions are still on-going on whether a singl...

Natural product drugs, or botanical drugs, are drugs composed of natural substances which have constituents with healthenhancing or medicinal activities. In Korea, government-led projects brought attention to botanical drugs invigorating domestic botanical drug industry. Foreign markets, as well, are growing bigger as the significance of botanical drugs stood out. To follow along with the tende...

BACKGROUND Pesticide-environment interactions are bidirectional. The environment alters pesticides by metabolism and photodegradation, and pesticides in turn change the environment through nontarget or secondary effects. OBJECTIVES Approximately 900 currently used commercial pesticides of widely diverse structures act by nearly a hundred mechanisms to control insects, weeds, and fungi, usuall...