diamondoids are cage-like saturated hydrocarbons consisting of fused cyclohexane rings. thediamondoids family of compounds is one of the best candidates for molecular building blocks (mbbs)in nanotechnology to construct organic nanostructures compared to other mbbs known so far. thechallenge is to find a route for self-assembly of these cage hydrocarbons and their applications in thebottom-up s...

Many perceptual learning experiments show that repeated exposure to a basic visual feature such as a specific orientation or spatial frequency can modify perception of that feature, and that those perceptual changes are associated with changes in neural tuning early in visual processing. Such perceptual learning effects thus exert a bottom-up influence on subsequent stimulus processing, indepen...

Weighted extended top-down tree transducers (transducteurs généralisés descendants [Arnold, Dauchet: Bi-transductions de forêts. ICALP’76. Edinburgh University Press. 1976]) received renewed interest in the field of Natural Language Processing, where they are used in syntax-based machine translation. This survey presents the foundations for a theoretical analysis of weighted extended top-down t...

Engaging in an argument is a complex task of natural language processing that involves understanding an opponent's utterances, discovering what his "point" is, determining whether his claims are believable, and fashioning a coherent rebuttal. Accomplishing these tasks requires the coordination of many different abilities and many different kinds of knowledge. Because arguing, and conversation g...

There is a rising interest in accelerating stream processing through modern parallel hardware, yet it remains a challenge as how to exploit the available resources to achieve higher throughput without sacrificing latency due to the increased length of processing pipeline and communication path and the need for central coordination. To achieve these objectives, we introduce a novel top-down data...

The role of sampling and measurement uncertainty in assessing production process capability is examined, using content uniformity testing as an example. An expanded components of variance model is proposed for consideration during risk assessment and mitigation studies, with emphasis that either empirical (“top-down”) or model-based (“bottom-up”) approaches to estimation of uncertainty can be e...

The content, and indeed the title, of this book brings back to us an old and well· known theory the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: that language influences thought and determines the world view of the speaker (Whorf, 1956). Rumjahn Hoosain proposes that "unique lingUistic properties of the Chinese language, particularly its orthography, have implications for cognitive processing". Although it does not...

Dynamic symbol systems (DSS) are a class of dynamic systems especially developed for modeling situated agents. They combine a symbolic format of representation with a selforganizing dynamics. The theory can be used for theoretical purposes, as a discrete, approximative reconstruction of continuous dynamic systems. It can also be used for the practical design of multi-granular information proces...

Hierarchical data structures such as irregular pyramids are used by many applications related to image processing and segmentation. The construction scheme of such pyramids is bottom-up. Such a scheme forbids the definition of a level according to more global information defined at upper levels in the hierarchy. Moreover, the base of the pyramid has to encode any single pixel of the initial ima...

Not much is known about event apprehension, the earliest stage of information processing in elicited language production studies, using pictorial stimuli. A reason for our lack of knowledge on this process is that apprehension happens very rapidly (<350 ms after stimulus onset, Griffin & Bock 2000), making it difficult to measure the process directly. To broaden our understanding of apprehensio...