On Zugspitze (2670 m a.s.l.), Alps, higher concentrations were observed during a winter than during a summer measurement campaign of PAHs, chlorobenzenes (43.6 vs. 2.0 pg m(-3)) and DDTs (3.7 vs. 1.2 pg m(-3)), while hexachlorocyclohexanes and PCBs were found at similar levels. The PCB, HCH and DDT levels are among the lowest ever reported from outside the Arctic. Mostly lower levels were found...

Previous experimental evidence has suggested the existence of a transient planar state during the transition from a homeotropic state to a focal conic state. This does not appear at first to be physically reasonable. Here we show a quantitative numerical model of this transition that shows the existence of the transient planar state and agrees well with measured data. We compared this simulatio...

An automatic recognition algorithm was developed and tested for detection of certain defects or contaminants in X-ray images of agricultural commodities. Testing of the algorithm on wheat kernels infested with larvae of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) yielded comparable results to those obtained by human subjects evaluating digitized X-ray film images (14.4% overall error vs. 15.6...

This paper presents an approach to estimate probabilities of failure in the case of dependent random variables. The approach is based on copulas and support vector machines (SVMs). A copula is used to generate dependent Monte Carlo samples and an SVM is used to construct the explicit boundary of the failure domain. It is shown that this construction of the failure boundary cannot be made in the...

It is useful to measure classification complexity for understanding classification tasks, selecting feature subsets and learning algorithms. In this work, we review some current measures of classification complexity and propose two new coefficients: neighborhood dependency (ND) and neighborhood decision error (NDEM). ND reflects the ratio of boundary samples over the whole sample set; while NDE...

The data cleaning of electrical power big data can improve the correctness, the completeness, the consistency and the reliability of the data. Aiming at the difficulties of the extracting of the unified anomaly detection pattern and the low accuracy and continuity of the anomaly data correction in the process of the electrical power big data cleaning, the data cleaning model of the electrical p...

Devonian-Carboniferous boundary is not clear in the Eastern Alborz Mountains. In the current study Tuyeh-Darvar section with about 170 m, thickness is selected. In this investigation, the primary goal is revision of Devonian/Carboniferous Boundary (known as DCB) and the other goal is the redefinition of the DCB as a famous necessity (based on ICS program in 2008 for defining the boundary and to...

Data protection specialists need flexible software tools for the exploratory use of protection methods to generate high quality confidential data. Microdata protection is widely used and is often the only possible way to provide data to both researchers and users. In this paper we present a methodological and computational framework for the generation of anonymised microdata and give insights t...

A method for dealing the boundary region in three-way decision theory is proposed. In the three-way decision theory, all the elements are divided into three regions: positive region, negative region and boundary region. Positive region makes a decision of acceptance, negative region makes a decision of rejection. They can generate certain rules. However, boundary region makes a decision of abst...

A~tract--The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary is marked by extensive changes in the sedimentary fossil record of continental and marine life. Organic matter in sediments from above and below the K/T boundary has been studied to identify consequences of the biotic extinctions and of the changes in biological productivity which occurred at this time. Data from locations encompassing a variety o...