epilepsy is accompanied with a strong change in neuronal activity not only in excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (gabaergic) neurotransmission, but also in neuromodulatory agents. dopaminergic system, as an important neuromodulatory system of the brain, has significant effect on neuronal excitability. in addition, this system undergoes many changes in epileptic brain. understanding the e...

Objective(s) Indigofera tinctoria Linn. of Fabaceae family is claimed to be useful to control epileptic seizures in the Indian system of folkore medicine. This study was designed to evaluate I. tinctoria and to verify the claim. Materials and Methods Seizures were induced in male albino rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). The test group animals were administered ethanolic extract of Indigofer...

alcohol directly affects astroglial cell function, including inflammation-related activity.  and it also affects microglial cell development and function in specific ways that interfere with microglial interactions with the immune system and with neurons. neuroinflammatory processes might be involved in alcohol-induced brain damage. alcohol use, misuse and getting used to it causes different ki...

Dementia is one of the age related mental problems and a characteristic symptom of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Desmodium gangeticum DC. (Leguminosae) is widely used in Ayurveda for treating various neurological disorders. In the present study, the effectiveness of aqueous extract of D. gangeticum in attenuating scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice was inves...

It is an Intensive 1-day course for introducing utilizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in an applied format. This technique is a noninvasive brain stimulation that uses direct electrical currents over the head to stimulate specific parts of the brain which modulates neuronal activity. It has strong potentiality in the field of medical and neuroscientific research. Anodal stimu...

antibodies directed against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) are believed to be the main cause of destruction of pancreatic islet cells in type i (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. the enzyme was found both in the brain and pancreatic beta cells. although similarities in identity of gad in human and rat brain have been demonstrated, little is known about the interaction between ...