OBJECTIVES In this study, we address a gap in knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of acute treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist after severe brain trauma. Moreover, it remains still unknown whether GLP-1 treatment activates the protective, anti-neurodegenerative cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway in the brain in vivo, and whether activati...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is accompanied by brain injury, perhaps resulting from apnea-related hypoxia or periods of impaired cerebral perfusion. Perfusion changes can be determined indirectly by evaluation of cerebral blood volume and oxygenation alterations, which can be measured rapidly and non-invasively with the global blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, a magnetic resonance im...

Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), like most rodent species, exhibit a phenotypic polymorphism in reproductive response to winter conditions or to short day lengths in the laboratory. Laboratory studies on seasonally breeding species have traditionally focused on the role of photoperiod in modulating reproduction and other seasonal adaptions. However, because animals use proximate environmen...

Introduction: Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from Allende usually have secondary alteration phases such as anorthite, grossular, sodalite, and nepheline [1-3]. Although these phases are considered to have been formed by relatively low temperature reactions between CAIs and a surrounding nebular gas [1, 2], it is not well known that when such processes occurred. 36 Cl-36 S and

BACKGROUND Hypothermia has been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models of hypoxia-ischaemia. It is currently being evaluated as a potentially therapeutic option in the management of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. However, significant hypothermia has adverse systemic effects. It has also recently been found that the stress of being cold can abolish the neuroprotective effects o...

Michael Brecht,1 Michale S. Fee,2 Olga Garaschuk,3 Fritjof Helmchen,4 Troy W. Margrie,6 Karel Svoboda,7 and Pavel Osten5 1Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, 3Institute of ...

BACKGROUND Studies on the role of cold agglutinins in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke are scarce. We present a case of an elderly man with acute cerebral infarction probably due to cold agglutinin disease. CASE PRESENTATION On a cold morning, a 71-year-old male of Han nationality with a complaint of sudden onset left-sided weakness and difficulty in speaking was brought to the emerg...

In familial dysautonomia (FD), i.e., Riley-Day syndrome, parasympathetic dysfunction has not been sufficiently evaluated. The cold face test is a noninvasive method of activating trigeminal brain stem cardiovagal and sympathetic pathways and can be performed in patients with limited cooperation. We performed cold face tests in 11 FD patients and 15 controls. For 60 s, cold compresses (0-1 degre...

Regional activation of the brain was studied in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging during whole body cooling that produced thermal comfort/discomfort. Eight normal male subjects lay in a sleeping bag through which air was blown, exposing subjects to cold air (88C) for 22 min. Each subject scored their degree of thermal comfort and discomfort every min. As the subjects reported m...

The ability to rapidly respond to changes in temperature is a critical adaptation for insects and other ectotherms living in thermally variable environments. In a process called rapid cold hardening (RCH), insects significantly enhance cold tolerance following brief (i.e., minutes to hours) exposure to nonlethal chilling. Although the ecological relevance of RCH is well-established, the underly...