Parallel mechanisms frequently contain an unstable type of singularity that has no counterpart in serial mechanisms. When the mechanism is at or near this type of singularity, it loses the ability to counteract external forces in certain directions. This paper considers the application of additional kinematic constraint through passive joint braking in the close neighborhood of unstable poses. ...

As a result of observational difficulties, braking indices of only six rotation-powered pulsars are obtained with certainty, all of which are remarkably smaller than the value (n = 3) expected for pure magnetodipole radiation model. This is still a real fundamental question not being well answered after nearly forty years of the discovery of pulsar. The main problem is that we are shamefully no...

Over three hundred four-second / 40hz time series datasets (from simulated emergency braking manoeuvres at English fatal accident sites and field trials) (see Fig 1) were classified using key characteristics of the braking sequences extracted for each event. These characteristics were then tested for significant difference between road surface types and braking system types. One key marker, ave...

This study investigated the degrees of consistencies in driving behavior when operating a real system (real car), a virtual system (high fidelity driving simulator), and a laboratory system (computer driving game). The same tendency of behavioral consistencies was confirmed among the three systems: i.e., the steering operation demonstrated the highest behavioral consistencies, followed by the a...

During the early deployment phase of autonomous vehicles, autonomous vehicles will share roads with conventional manually driven vehicles. They will be required to adjust their driving dynamically taking into account not only preceding but also following conventional manually driven vehicles. This paper addresses the challenges of adaptive braking to avoid front-end and rear-end collisions, whe...

The friction forces generated during braking between brake pads and discs produce high thermal gradients on the rubbing surfaces. These thermal gradients may cause braking problems such as brake fade, premature wear or hot spotting and the associated hot judder phenomenon in the frequency range below 100 Hz. Further consequences are comfort reductions, a defective braking process, inhomogeneous...

Anti-lock braking system is designed to optimize braking procedure while maintaining automobile steerability through controlling wheels slip. However, due to nonlinearity and uncertainty of ABS structure, designing the controller for wheel slip encounters so many problems which necessitate a robust control system. In this paper, a hybrid controller is proposed for ABS to address this issue. The...

The Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an active safety device in road vehicles, which during hard braking maximizes the braking force between the tyre and the road irrespective of the road conditions. This is accomplished by regulating the wheel slip around its optimum value. Due to the high non-linearity of the tyre and road interaction, and uncertainties from vehicle dynamics, a standard PID ...