Recent studies indicate that GABA acts as a chemoattractant during rat cortical histogenesis. In vivo, GABA localizes in appropriate locations for a chemoattractant, along migratory routes and near target destinations for migrating cortical neurons. In vitro, GABA induces dissociated embryonic cortical neurons to migrate. Here, embryonic rat cortical slices were cultured in the presence or abse...

NG2-expressing cells are the largest proliferating cell population in the adult central nervous system. The function of NG2 proteoglycan or NG2-expressing cells in the adult brain, however, is unknown. So far, NG2-positive cells are thought to be mainly oligodendrocyte precursor cells. This view was recently challenged when NG2+/CNP-EGFP-positive cells were identified as multipotent progenitor ...

Two different markers for quantitating cell proliferation were evaluated in livers of control and chemically treated mice and rats. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an endogenous cell replication marker, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), an exogenously administered DNA precursor label, were detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using immunohistochemical techniques. The per...

Adult neurogenesis remains controversial in the cerebral cortex. We have previously shown in monkeys and rats that reactive neurogenesis occurs in the spinal dorsal horn 6-8 weeks after a cervical dorsal rhizotomy. Here, in three monkeys with the same lesion, we asked whether it also occurs coincidentally in the corresponding primary somatosensory and motor cortex, where significant topographic...

While a dramatic increase in the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the adult dentate gyrus following voluntary exercise has been consistently reported, it has never been determined whether this reflects an increase in neurogenic activity or an exercise-induced increase in the metabolic processing of systemically injected BrdU (a compound that inserts itself into the D N A of ...

Neurogenesis in the adult rodent brain is largely restricted to the subependymal zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). We examined whether cholecystokinin (CCK) through actions mediated by CCK1 receptors (CCK1R) is involved in regulating neurogenesis. Proliferating cells in the SVZ, measured by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injected 2 h prior ...

Islets of Langerhans are micro-organs scattered throughout the pancreas that contain insulin-producing cells, called beta-cells. Although new light has been recently shed on beta-cell development, information on the phenotype and location of beta-stem cells remains scarce. Here, we provide evidence that beta-stem cells are slow-cycling cells located within and around the islets of Langerhans. F...

The proliferative activity of human gastric carcinoma was measured by means of in vitro incorporation of the thymidine analogue, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), into the newly-synthesized DNA of fresh tumors and immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) using avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Eighty-two cases of surgically resected human gastric carcinomas consist...

AIMS To evaluate the proliferative activity of urothelial neoplasms, compare it with that of the normal urinary tract epithelium, and determine its relation to morphological grade and presence of invasion. METHODS Multiple biopsy specimens from 53 individuals--eight normal controls, five patients with severe urothelial atypia, and 40 with transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs)--were studied usin...

The 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling of cells followed by antibody staining has been the standard method for direct measurement of cells in the S-phase. Described is an improved method for the detection of S-phase cell cycle progression based upon the application of click chemistry, the copper(I)-catalyzed variant of the Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition between a terminal alkyne and an azide....