The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement with the base of randomized complete block design in three repetitions. The first factor consisted of 11 bed for eating worm and the second factor is the different seasons (spring and autumn) respectively. Traits was including number of capsules (Coconut), the number of adult worms, the number of immature worms, live worms masses (mg), m...

eighteen wheat breeding lines were evaluated along with two check cultivars across nine locations of temperate zone of iran during two crop seasons (2003-2004 and 2004-2005). field records were taken for some important traits especially grain yield. combined anova for nine locations in the first season and for seven locations in both seasons was undertaken. in each case, additive main effects a...

Animals have to adjust their physiology to seasonal changes, in response to variation in food availability, social tactics and reproduction. I compared basal corticosterone and testosterone levels in free ranging striped mouse from a desert habitat, comparing between the sexes, breeding and philopatric non-breeding individuals, and between the breeding and the non-breeding season. I expected di...

For species of conservation concern, knowledge of key life-history and demographic components, such as the number and sex ratio of breeding adults, is essential for accurate assessments of population viability. Species with temperature-dependent sex determination can produce heavily biased primary sex ratios, and there is concern that adult sex ratios may be similarly skewed or will become so a...

Abstract Many species of birds emit mobbing calls to recruit prey join events. This anti-predator strategy often involves several and, therefore, implies heterospecific communication. Some tit exhibit a sensitivity allopatric calls, suggesting that recognition is based on an innate component. To date, however, we have no information whether the perception varies with season, despite seasonality...

Septoria leaf blotch (SLB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) Quaedvlieg & Crous, 2011 (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt.), is an important wheat disease in the Mediterranean region. In Tunisia, SLB has become a major disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum [Desf.] Husn.) particularly during favorable growing seasons where significant yield losses...

Kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamus appears critical for the onset of puberty and driving the reproductive axis. In sheep, reproduction is seasonal, being activated by short days and inhibited by long days. During the non-breeding (anestrous) season, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin secretion is reduced, as is the expression of Kiss1 mRNA in the brain. Conversely, the...

Supplementary feeding stations, or "vulture restaurants", are common conservation management tools. While a number of studies have investigated the consequences of surplus food on the population dynamics of scavengers, relatively little is known about the effects of such practices at the individual level. Within the long-term monitored breeding population of Canarian Egyptian vultures (Neophron...

In seasonal environments, where density dependence can operate throughout the annual cycle, vital rates are typically considered to be a function of the number of individuals at the beginning of each season. However, variation in density in the previous season could also cause surviving individuals to be in poor physiological condition, which could carry over to influence individual success in ...

Although differences in breeding lifespan are an important source of variation in male fitness, the factors affecting the breeding tenure of males have seldom been explored. Here, we use cross-species comparisons to investigate the correlates of breeding lifespan in male mammals. Our results show that male breeding lifespan depends on the extent of polygyny, which reflects the relative intensit...