Worldwide studies show that society sees a direct link between bribery and leader, regardless of whether this leader is an official public law or the head private enterprise. Global legal regulations recommendations international organisations say role (both at country level within individual organisation) crucial in development integrity environment organisation. The article devoted to study c...

We propose various models for lobbying in a probabilistic environment, in which an actor (called “The Lobby”) seeks to influence the voters’ preferences of voting for or against multiple issues when the voters’ preferences are represented in terms of probabilities. In particular, we provide two evaluation criteria and three bribery methods to formally describe these models, and we consider the ...

For many election systems, bribery (and related) attacks have been shown NP-hard using constructions on combinatorially rich structures such as partitions and covers. This paper shows that for voters who follow the most central political-science model of electorates— single-peaked preferences—those hardness protections vanish. By using single-peaked preferences to simplify combinatorial coverin...

The Bitcoin cryptocurrency introduced a novel distributed consensus mechanism relying on economic incentives. While a coalition controlling a majority of computational power may undermine the system, for example by double-spending funds, it is often assumed it would be incentivized not to attack to protect its long-term stake in the health of the currency. We show how an attacker might purchase...

Article history: Received 11 September 2007 Received in revised form 9 September 2008 Accepted 10 September 2008 Available online 16 September 2008 How does political decentralization affect the frequency and costliness of bribe extraction by corrupt officials? Previous empirical studies, using subjective indexes of perceived corruption and mostly fiscal indicators of decentralization, have sug...

Bachrach and Porat [1] introduced path-disruption games. In these coalitional games, agents are placed on the vertices of a graph, and one or more adversaries want to travel from a source vertex to a target vertex. In order to prevent them from doing so, the agents can form coalitions, and a coalition wins if it succeeds in blocking all paths for the adversaries. In this paper, we introduce the...

We study the complexity of Destructive Shift Bribery. In this problem, we are given an election with a set of candidates and a set of voters (ranking the candidates from best to worst, each), a despised candidate d (typically, one of the current winners), a budget B, and prices for shifting d down in voters’ rankings. The goal is to ensure that d is not a winner of the election. We show that th...