In biology, morphology refers to structure and form. For teeth, morphology means different things to dentists and dental anthropologists. Carlsen (1987) wrote a book called Dental Morphology that focused on the structure of the four types of teeth in the upper and lower jaws. Each tooth was broken down into its constituent parts, such as lobes, lobe segments, essential and accessory ridges, cus...

Dental implant was placed to restore the function of the teeth as well as satisfactory appearance. A great challenge with implant placement and tooth restoration in the aesthetic zone has been presented as a common issue in tooth replacement. The ability of the dental team to re establish normal form and architecture to hard and soft tissue has been concerned [1]. Originally, it was considered ...

Since fi rst discovered in the early 19th century, the ossuaries from Bushehr, Persian Gulf, have attracted attention as possible archaeological evidence for ancient Zoroastrian burial practice. Th is practice involved exposing cadavers to birds before the surviving remains were gathered for deposition in an ossuary. In this paper, the human remains recovered from two ossuaries at Bushehr are d...

BACKGROUND Extraction of a broken tooth root is often a traumatic experience for both the practitioner and the patient. To extract broken roots, generally invasive approaches as open window surgeries or mucoperiosteal flap and/or removal of buccal bone are performed. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS Expandable micro-motor bur (EMB) is a hypothetical design of a dental instrument proposed for re...

two experiments were conducted to determine threonine (thr) requirements of two commercial strains, ross 308 and cobb 500, based on standardized ileal digestibility from 15 to 28d of age. basal diet consisted of wheat, triticale, and corn gluten meal was formulated according to quick chick (2006) to be adequate in all nutrients except for thr. incremental levels of supplemental thr were added t...