Ait-Sahalia and Lo (2000) and Panigirtzoglou and Skiadopoulos (2004) have argued that Economic VaR (E-VaR), calculated under the option market implied risk neutral density is a more relevant measure of risk than historically based VaR. As industry practice requires VaR at high confidence level of 99%, we propose Extreme Economic Value at Risk (EE-VaR) as a new risk measure, based on the General...

Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerden olan kekik, önemli ihraç ürünlerinden biridir. Daha çok baharat olarak tüketilen kekik pek alanda kullanılmaktadır. Ege Bölgesinde özellikle Denizli İlinde yoğun üretim yapılmaktadır. İli İzmir kekiği (Origanum onites L.) tarlalarında yürütülen çalışmada; söz konusu alanlarda bulunan yabancı ot türleri tespit edilmiş, yoğunlukları rastlanma sıklıkları belirlenmiş, ...

A simple method for indoor and outdoor cultivation of Mesocyclops aspericornis, Macrocyclops albidus and Mesocyclops n. sp. copepods is presented. This method utilizes Chilomonas sp., Paramecium caudatum and fresh lettuce as food sources for copepod cultures. Steps for initiating and maintaining copepod cultures are provided.

The formulation of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction four-dimensional variational dataassimilation (4D-Var) system is described. Results of applying 4D-Var over a one-week assimilation period, with a full set of physical parametrizations, are presented and compared with those of 3D-Var. The linearization has been performed without simplifications and, therefore, the tangent-line...

Compact chromatin structure, induction of gene silencing in position-effect variegation (PEV), and crossing-over suppression are typical features of heterochromatin. To identify genes affecting crossing-over suppression by heterochromatin we tested PEV suppressor mutations for their effects on crossing over in pericentromeric regions of Drosophila autosomes. From the 46 mutations (28 loci) stud...

This research compared effects of the weed control practice, soil cultivation, and the conventional practice, glyphosate application on weed seedbank, in a vineyard system. The experiment was conducted in a commercial wine-grape vineyard in the Napa Valley of northern California from 2003 to 2005. The annual treatments were ‘‘winter–spring glyphosate,’’ ‘‘spring cultivation,’’ ‘‘fall–spring cul...

A variety of methods is available to estimate a portfolio’s Value-at-Risk. Aside from the overall VaR there is an apparent need for information about marginal VaR, component VaR and incremental VaR. Expressions for these VaR metrics have been derived under the restrictive normality assumption. In this paper we investigate these VaR concepts in an elliptical world and in a general distribution-f...

Antigenic variation in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum depends on the transcriptional regulation of the var gene family. In each individual parasite, mRNA is expressed exclusively from 1 var gene out of ∼60, while the rest of the genes are transcriptionally silenced. Both modifications to chromatin structure and DNA regulatory elements associated with each var gene have been im...

Bromus tectorum L. is an invasive winter annual grass naturalized across the United States. Numerous studies have investigated B. tectorum population structure and genetics in the context of B. tectorum as an ecological invader of natural areas and rangeland. Despite the wealth of information regarding B. tectorum, previous studies have not focused on, or made comparisons to, B. tectorum as it ...