Inductive signals cause conversion of mesenchyme into epithelia during the formation of many organs. Yet a century of study has not revealed the inducing molecules. Using a standard model of induction, we found that ureteric bud cells secrete factors that convert kidney mesenchyme to epithelia that, remarkably, then form nephrons. Purification and sequencing of one such factor identified it as ...

The intensity of "tuberization stimulus" in potato shoots (Solanum tuberosum L.) can be assessed from cuttings containing one or more leaves. Cuttings maintained in a mist chamber under long days will form tubers from underground buds if prior to taking the cutting the leaves received sufficient exposure to photoperiods less than the critical photoperiod. The greatest tendency to tuberize was f...

Tissue culture provides a useful system to investigate how plant hormones are involved in this process. Auxin and cytokinin are widely used in plant regeneration. Gibberellin is also an important plant hormone in regulating plant growth and development. It is interesting to know the effects of gibberellin and its signalling pathway on plant regeneration. In this report Arabidopsis thaliana land...

Investigation into total phenolics and their spectrum in the buds and corms of saffron Crocus and a study of polyphenol oxidase changes in the apical bud during different stages of growth and development showed that changes in the growth and development of the apical bud may be related to changes in the composition of phenolics in the corm. A sudden intense change in content and kind of ph...

Primary bud necrosis in grapevine is a physiological disorder observed in the compound buds. This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical changes in cv. Askari grapevine in winter dormant buds. Bud samples were taken from Askari grapevine at Sisakht vineyards, south-western of Iran. Compound buds were dissected and assessed under a binocular microscope at 10-40x magnification and a di...

Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] is one of the most important cultivated fruit trees in Iran. Late frost in spring is a key limiting factor for almond productivity given that almond trees flower early in the spring in comparison with other temperate fruit trees. To decrease frost injury in “Mamaei” cultivar, this study was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design (CRBD)...

The star fruit is a perennial woody tree, which can blossom and bear many times year. time quantity of flowering are the key indicators its economic value. However, molecular mechanism still unknown. This study provides genome-wide analysis genes fruit. Based on previous morphological flower bud differentiation, reproductive buds, vegetative buds mature leaves were sampled for transcriptome ana...

The TGFbeta superfamily plays diverse and essential roles in kidney development. Gdf11 and Bmp4 are essential for outgrowth and positioning of the ureteric bud, the inducer of metanephric mesenchyme. During nephrogenesis, Bmp7 is required for renewal of the mesenchyme progenitor population. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrate inhibitory effects of BMPs and TGFbetas on collecting duct bra...

The present study aimed to develop a micropropagation protocol for Cadaman (P. persica x P. davidiana) and Garnem dulcis) peach rootstocks. Stem nodal segments with one axillary bud used as explants. MS medium supplemented different concentrations of BA or without IBA was studied determine the best  multiplication stage,  results revealed that 2.0 mg/l BA+0.1 optimal shoot proliferation rootsto...

norfolk island pine (araucaria excelsa) is belonging to araucariaceae family and is native to norfolk island in australia. this plant is a woody ornamental plant of high commercial value. since it is propagated by seed, achieving a regeneration system is one of the most important goals in this woody plant tissue culture. to evaluate the effect of cytokinins and culture media for bud induction d...