Shape grammars have been used as a method for modeling buildings, both in architecture and in computer graphics. In this report, we survey some of the shape grammar papers, present some projects using shape grammars, and give our evaluation of shape grammars in computer graphics. In particular, we feel shape grammars are useful for generating a large variety of buildings, such as might be neede...

The emerging technology of wireless sensing shows promise for changing the way sensors are used in buildings. Lower cost, easier to install, sensing devices that require no connections by wires will potentially usher in an age in which ubiquitous sensors will provide the data required to cost-effectively operate, manage, and maintain commercial buildings at peak performance. This chapter provid...

This survey reviewed 13 public buildings for accessibility to wheelchair-bound consumers in Utica, New York. Buildings were both private and government supported. The scale used was based on the 1971 specifications of the American National Standards Institute. Buildings surveyed represented those built before and after enactment of the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 and were subject to vari...

In future planning of the city, it is very important to consider the proper intelligent integration of renewable energy sources into the built environment for developing smart cities. Analysis of the wind velocity profile in the built environment is very important for finding out the energy content in the wind and also to analyze the performance of wind turbines in the built environment. In thi...

An approach was developed for updating the buildings of an existing vector database from high resolution space images by using spectral values, Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and model-based extraction techniques. First, the building areas are detected using image classification and normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM). Those areas other than the buildings are excluded from further processin...

while in the historic urban fabric of iran's cities, there are numerous traditional buildings that have stood up for more than one hundred years, today's buildings, in spite of advanced construction technologies, are not comparable with those traditional ones in terms of resiliency and durability. the sustainable vernacular strategies in design and construction of these traditional ho...

Energy consumption by commercial buildings is a major component of the total energy consumption. In the United States commercial buildings account for about 20 percent of the overall energy consumption, and this figure is expected to increase. In this paper, we model the energy consumption of commercial buildings. By taking into account a variety of factors that affect a building’s energy consu...

The current methods of object segmentation and extraction and classification of aerial LiDAR data is manual and tedious task. This work proposes a technique for object segmentation out of LiDAR data. A bottom-up geometric rule based approach was used initially to devise a way to segment buildings out of the LiDAR datasets. For curved wall surfaces, comparison of localized surface normals was do...

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