In the work, we rebuild the masks of well-known interpolatory symmetric subdivision schemes-binary 2n-point interpolatory schemes, the ternary 4-point interpolatory scheme using only the symmetry and the necessary condition for smoothness and the butterfly scheme, and the modified butterfly scheme using the factorization property. 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

This paper presents a butterfly physically unclonable function (PUF) implementation in SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). To avoid output instability, we propose a delay difference test to identify reliable slices (mapped to which butterfly PUF cells are highly reliable) and then PUF reliability is significantly improved by selective mapping PUF cells to reliable slices, which i...

We present a simple model for synthesis of butterfly wing patterns. The model simulates the formation of eyespots as are called the rounded circular arrangements which appear in many butterfly species. We illustrate our results with the examples of Diatheria clymena and Automeris io species.

In this study, we are concerned with non-stationary interpolatory subdivision schemes with refinement rules which may vary from level to level. First, we derive a new class of interpolatory non-stationary subdivision schemes reproducing exponential polynomials. Next, we prove that non-stationary schemes based on the known butterfly-shaped stencils possess the same smoothness as the known Butter...

An electronic circuit realization of a modified Lorenz system, which is multiplier-free, is described. The well-known butterfly chaotic attractor is experimentally observed verifying that the proposed modified system does capture the essential dynamics of the original Lorenz system. Furthermore, we clarify that the butterfly attractor is a compound structure obtained by merging together two sim...

1. We describe the pattern of colonization of suitable, but currently empty, habitat by a host butterfly and two specialist parasitoids living in a highly fragmented landscape. 2. Using survey data collected over 8 years, field sampling and small-scale experiments we show that the ability of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) to colonize new habitat is intermediate between tha...

We examined how butterfly species richness is affected by human impact and elevation, and how species ranges are distributed along the elevational gradient (200-2700 m) in the Isère Department (French Alps). A total of 35,724 butterfly observations gathered in summer (May-September) between 1995 and 2015 were analyzed. The number of estimated species per 100-m elevational band was fitted to the...

Butterfly species used for live exhibition differ in life span, encounter rate, behavior, and cost. By knowing which species are more cost-effective, exhibitors can customize their butterfly imports and purchase butterfly species that provide the best return on their investment. We used mark-recapture techniques to estimate mean life span and encounter rates for 39 butterfly species commonly pu...

Genetically engineered maize (Zea mays) containing insecticidal endotoxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) delta-endotoxin proteins has been adopted widely in the Midwestern United States. The proteins are toxic to several lepidopteran species and because a variety of maize tissues, including pollen, may express the endotoxins, the probability of exposure to nontarget species, includin...