The binding of six physiologically important long chain fatty acids to defatted human plasma albumin was measured at 37 degrees in a calcium-free Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The data were analyzed in terms of multiple stepwise equilibria. With the saturated acids, the magnitude of the equilibrium (association) constants, Ki, increased as the chain length increased: laurate smaller th...

Emerging evidence suggests that TLR (Toll-like receptor) 4 and downstream pathways [MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)] play an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and saturated NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) activate TLR4, and plasma concentrations of these TLR4 ligands are elevated in obesity and Type 2 dia...

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) plant introductions (732) were analyzed for fatty acid composition. Palmitate varied from 8.2 to 15.1%, stearate 1.1 to 7.2%, oleate 31.5 to 60.2%, linoleate 19.9 to 45.4%, arachidate 0.8 to 3.2%, eicosenoate 0.6 to 2.6%, behenate 1.8 to 5.4%, and lignocerate 0.5 to 2.5%. The eicosenoate was shown to be cis-11-eicosenoate. In addition, epoxy fatty acids were found in m...

We investigated the role of caveolae in uptake and intracellular trafficking of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. The uptake of [(3)H]oleic acid and [(3)H]stearic acid into HepG2 cells was measured by radioactive assays and internalization of the non-metabolizable fluorescent fatty acid 12-(N-methyl)-N-[(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino] (12-NBD) stearate into ...

Abnormal HDL metabolism among patients with diabetes and insulin resistance may contribute to their increased risk of atherosclerosis. ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids from cells to HDL apolipoproteins and thus modulates HDL levels and atherogenesis. Because fatty acids are increased in diabetes, we examined their effects on ABC...

addition of n-butyl nitrite to isolated rat hepatocytes caused an immediate glutathione depletion followed by an inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, inhi- bition of glycolysis and atp depletion. at cytotoxic butyl nitrite concentrations, lipid  peroxidation  occurred  before  the  plasma  membrane  was  disrupted. cytochrome p-450 inhibitors inhibited peroxynitrite formation and prevented ...

The development of low viscosity insulating liquids derived from natural esters is conducted in our laboratory. Nine monoesters, i.e., methyl myristate, ethyl isopropyl palmitate, stearate, and stearate were synthesized alcohols saturated fatty acids. Treatments performed to reduce water acid contents improve the oxidation stability monoesters. Some fundamental properties, such as breakdown vol...

The mechanism by which dietary cis-unsaturated fatty acids lower low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is unknown. Because cis-unsaturated fatty acids incorporated into cell membranes increase membrane fluidity and, as a result, can alter membrane-dependent cell functions, we examined LDL binding, uptake, and degradation in upregulated U937 monocytes enriched in membrane oleate, a monounsat...

In this study, dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxybiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate (DDB) was examined to justify its role in the hepatoprotection against erythromycin toxicity in male rats. Oral daily administration of toxic dose of erythromycin stearate (EE, 100 mg/kg body weight) was given to male rats for fourteen days to induce hepatotoxicity. It was found at the end of the exper...