In the present study, theoretical chemical reactivates Photo isomerization in Cis-Retinal as a Natural Photo switch in Vision. DFT hybrid functional, B3LYP and, post-HF method, were the theoretical methods applied utilizing G09 software. 6-31G+ (d,p) basis set employed for structural optimizations, and single point computations performed using B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p). The isomers cis molecule retinal...

The enzymatic potential of the cultured plant cells can be employed for bioconversion purposes. Plant enzymes are able to catalyze regio- and stereo-specific reactions, and therefore can be applied for the production of desired substances. The biotransformation of foreign substrates with suspension cells of Peganum harmala was tested with (±) phenylethyl propionate. The callus cultures of Pegan...

Inflammation plays a considerable role in the progression of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), a severe muscle disease caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. We previously showed that genetic ablation of Protein Kinase C θ (PKCθ) in mdx, the mouse model of DMD, improves muscle healing and regeneration, preventing massive inflammation. To establish whether pharmacological targeting of PKC...

Photoreaction of zinc methyl 20-substituted meso(pyro)pheophorbide-a prepared by modifying naturally occurring chlorophyll-a in the presence of oxygen molecules gave its C19-C20 oxidative cleavage (1-carbonyl-19-oxo-bilatrienes) as the major products and the regioisomeric C1-C20 cleavage (19-carbonyl-1-oxo-bilatrienes) as the minor products. The resulting zinc complexes of linear tetrapyrroles ...

The anti-inflammatory drug predinisolone (1) was reduced to 20β-hydroxyprednisolone (2) by the marine endophytic fungus Penicilium lapidosum isolated from an alga. The structural elucidation of 2 was achieved by 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, IR data. Although, 2 is a known compound previously obtained through microbial transformation, the data provided failed to prove the C20 stereochemistry. To solve th...

Carotenoids and their fatty acid esters in the carapace of the spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus were investigated. Fatty acid esters of astaxanthin, adonixanthin, and pectenolone were characterized by (1)H-NMR and FAB-MS. The acylated position of adonixanthin and pectenolone monoesters was determined to be a hydroxy group at C-3' by (1)H-NMR. The fatty acids esterified with these carotenoids w...

The changes of dynamical behaviour of a single fullerene molecule inside an armchair carbon nanotube caused by the structural Peierls transition in the nanotube are considered. The structures of the smallest C20 and Fe@C20 fullerenes are computed using the spin-polarized density functional theory. Significant changes of the barriers for motion along the nanotube axis and rotation of these fulle...