A sequential sampling plan, based on the negative binomial distribution of the insect, was developed for use in the IPM of diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella L.) in Malaysia. The value of the common k (=1.84) was calculated from weekly sampling of 60 plants selected randomly from cabbages grown without the use of insecticides. Two sets of sequential sampling lines, representing two act...

Concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in cabbages potatoes were determined the potential human health risks due to consumption vegetables have been estimated. Mean concentrations Zn (134.0 + 5.62 mg/kg), As (0.12 0.01 mg/kg) Cd (0.32 from Biological Lagoon area as well (103.0 8.34 (0.14 (0.31 Boicha stream above safety limits FAO/WHO. Likewise, mean (0.24 0.03 (0.35 ...

In this essay the mainstream story about how resources are allocated in a market economy is challenged. The conventional view is that a change in relative prices leads to a change in the composition of output as a result of a reallocation of the stock of primary factors of production (land, labor and capital). No investment is required. This is possible, however, only if the primary factors of ...

Knowledge of factors causing mortality in herbivorous insects is essential to developing a better understanding of their population dynamics and more effective strategies to manage their abundance in crops. In this study we used 2 methods of predator exclusion to evaluate the effects of arthropod predators on Pieris rapae L. eggs and larvae on cabbages (Brassica oleracea variety capitata L.) in...

Continuous use of the pesticide chlorpyrifos has resulted in harmful contaminations in environment and species. Based on a chlorpyrifos-degrading fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides strain Hu-01 (collection number: CCTCC M 20711), a fungal wettable powder preparation was developed aiming to efficiently remove chlorpyrifos residues from vegetables. The formula was determined to be 11.0% of carbo...