A so called “weak value” of an observable in quantum mechanics (QM) may be obtained in a weak measurement + post-selection procedure on the QM system under study. Applied to number operators, it has been invoked in revisiting some QM paradoxes (e.g., the so called Three-Box paradox and Hardy’s paradox). This requires the weak value to be interpreted as a bona fide property of the system conside...

§1 It is not always true that recognizably valid reasoning from known, or otherwise epistemically warranted premises, can be enlisted to produce knowledge, or other epistemic warrant, for a conclusion. The counterexamples are cases that exhibit what I have elsewhere called warrant transmission-failure. It is nowadays widely accepted that there are indeed such counterexamples, though individual ...

There is a strong pressure in local and national government to standardise software systems through the implementation of so-called vanilla software. However, this contrasts with instantiations of accommodating the unique features of organizations, leading to what has been called the common system paradox. This position paper explores these issues in the context of Denmark’s Project eGovernment...

Abstract All western countries are faced with the problem of a low birth rate and an increasingly aging population. The burden old age requires accelerated productivity growth. Productivity growth is declining, however. In Germany, it has come to standstill. At same time, there increasing academisation labour force. There several reasons for this paradox: sectoral change or bureaucratisation. A...

This contribution represents a rather radical abridgement and recasting of my paper “Digital Technology and the Productivity Paradox: After Ten Years, What Has Been Learned?” originally prepared for the White House Conference on Understanding the Digital Economy: Data, Tools and Research, held at the U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 25-26 May 1999. It draws upon joint work with Ed...

A bounded formula is a pair consisting of a propositional formula φ in the first coordinate and a real number within the unit interval in the second coordinate, interpreted to express the lower-bound probability of φ. Converting conjunctive/disjunctive combinations of bounded formulas to a single bounded formula consisting of the conjunction/disjunction of the propositions occurring in the coll...

During the 1980s, the relationship between information technology (IT) and productivity became a source of debate: the astonishing improvements in computers’ underlying capabilities proved almost impossible to assess in terms of their effect on productivity. Fueled in part by the emergence of empirical research on IT productivity that generally did not identify significant productivity improvem...

The so-called doctrinal paradox reveals that a jury that decides by majority on the truth of a set of propositions, may come to a conclusion that is at odds with a legal doctrine to which they all subscribe. The doctrinal paradox, and its subesequent generalization by List and Pettit (2003), reveal the logical difficulties of epistemic democracy. This paper presents several generalizations of t...

Impact of information technology on firm productivity has received significant attention in information systems literature. Although many studies were performed to investigate this effect, the results were not conclusive in supporting a systematic effect. This study investigates this phenomenon in both manufacturing and service industries by considering a sample of 85 manufacturing and 77 servi...