Myosin light-chain kinase was purifed from bovine carotid artery. Approx. 90% of myosin kinase was extracted in the supernatant fraction with buffer containing EDTA during myofibril preparation. The soluble fraction yielded two distinct peaks on DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Peak I was eluted at a conductance of 11-12mmho and was completely dependent on Ca2+-calmodulin for its activity. Peak II...

Ca+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) is regulated by calcium oscillations, autophosphorylation, and its subunit composition. All four subunit isoforms were detected in gastric fundus and proximal colon smooth muscles by RT-PCR, but only the gamma and delta isoforms are expressed in myocytes. Relative gamma and delta message levels were quantitated by real-time PCR. CaM kin...

Received: 23 December 2012 First Revision: 22 January 2013 Accepted: 17 February 2013 Shamseddin Ahmadi 1*, Shahin Amiri 1, Fatemeh Rafieenia1, Jalal Rostamzadeh1 1. Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

The growing use of cochlear prosthetic devices and demonstrations of direct ototoxic insult to spiral ganglion neurons make it imperative to gain an understanding of intracellular biochemical regulation in primary sensory neurons. Calcium and calmodulin regulate many aspects of neuronal cellular physiology through stimulation of protein kinase activity. We have previously demonstrated the prese...

The A kinase-anchoring protein AKAP79 coordinates the location of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A), calcineurin, and protein kinase C (PKC) at the postsynaptic densities in neurons. Individual enzymes in the AKAP79 signaling complex are regulated by distinct second messenger signals; however, both PKC and calcineurin are inhibited when associated with the anchoring protein, ...

Two peptide analogs of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-(peptides)) were synthesized and used to probe interactions of the various regulatory domains of the kinase. CaMK-(281-289) contained only Thr286, the major Ca2+-dependent autophosphorylation site of the kinase (Schworer, C. M., Colbran, R. J., Keefer, J. R. & Soderling, T. R. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 13486-13489), where...

Chimeric Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is characterized by a serine-threonine kinase domain, an autoinhibitory domain, a calmodulin-binding domain and a neural visinin-like domain with three EF-hands. The neural visinin-like Ca(2+)-binding domain at the C-terminal end of the CaM-binding domain makes CCaMK unique among all the known calmodulin-dependent kinases. Biological f...

Regulation of calcium transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum provides increased cardiac contractility in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. This is due to phosphorylation of phospholamban by cAMP-dependent protein kinase or by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, which activates the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase). Recently, direct phosphorylation of Ca2+-ATPase by calcium/calmodulin-depe...

Protein substrates for an endogenous CA++/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase were characterized in the Aplysia nervous system. Ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-washed membrane fractions from Aplysia ganglia contain an endogenous Ca++/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase which phosphorylates a number of membrane proteins. Such washed membrane preparations exh...

The existence of two molecular switches regulating plant chimeric Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK), namely the C-terminal visinin-like domain acting as Ca(2+)-sensitive molecular switch and calmodulin binding domain acting as Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation-sensitive molecular switch, has been described (Sathyanarayanan, P. V., Cremo, C. R., and Poovaiah, B. W. (2000) J....