bringing gaze awareness to desktop videoconferencing have relied on hardware solutions. Here, the authors describe their software approach, which tracks participants’ head and eye movements using vision techniques, then uses this information to graphically place the head and eyes in a 3D environment. T he impact of gaze is striking. We all know the experience of “feeling watched,” and it’s hard...

Vision for intelligent vehicles is a growing area of research [5] for many practical reasons including the relatively inexpensive nature of camera sensing units and even more the non-contact and non-intrusive manner of observation. The latter is of critical importance when observing the driver inside the vehicle cockpit because no sensing unit should impede the driver’s primary task of driving....

This paper deals with the 3D structure estimation and exploration of static scenes using active vision. Our method is based on the structure from controlled motion approach that constrains camera motions to obtain an optimal estimation of the 3D structure of a geometrical primitive. Since this approach involves to gaze on the considered primitive, we have developed perceptual strategies able to...

Recently the authors showed that a computational model of visual saliency could account for changes in gaze behavior of monkeys with damage in the primary visual cortex. Here we propose a neural prosthesis to restore eye gaze behavior by electrically stimulating the superior colliculus to drive visual attention. The saliency computational model is used to calculate the stimulation parameters fr...

Video-oculography (VOG) is a non-intrusive method used to estimate gaze. The method is based on a remote camera(s) that provides images of the eyes that are processed by a computer to estimate the point at which the subject is gazing in the area of interest. Normally, infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used in the system, as this light is not visible to humans. The objective of the ...

In this paper, we present GColl, a group-to-group videoconferencing environment concept, which aims to provide a natural communication channel even for ad-hoc groups or other teams that require frequent changes in the number of participants or videoconferencing locations. GColl supports mutual gaze as well as partial gaze awareness for all participants while still retaining very modest technica...

Adults use gaze and voice signals as cues to the mental and emotional states of others. We examined the influence of voice cues on children's judgments of gaze. In Experiment 1, 6-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and adults viewed photographs of faces fixating the center of the camera lens and a series of positions to the left and right and judged whether gaze was direct or averted. On each trial, parti...