Most second-order vestibular neurons receive a canal-specific monosynaptic excitation, although the central projections of semicircular canal afferents overlap extensively. This remarkable canal specificity prompted us to study the spatial organization of evoked field potentials following selective stimulation of individual canal nerves. Electrically evoked responses in the vestibular nuclei we...

Treatment of perianal and vulvar extramammary Paget disease (EMPD), rare intraepithelial malignancies, is often challenging because of its potential to spread into the anal canal. However, there is still no consensus regarding the optimal resection margin within the anal canal. Between 2004 and 2014, six patients (three with perianal EMPD and three with vulvar EMPD) in which the spread of Paget...

The main objectives of root canal treatment are thorough shaping and cleaning of all pulp spaces and its complete obturation with an inert filling material. The presence of untreated canal may be a reason for failure of endodontic therapy. To achieve satisfactory root canal therapy, a proper and in-depth knowledge of complex and abnormal root canal morphology is essential.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE To report a case of endodontic retreatment of a maxillary right canine in which an extra canal was located and successfully treated. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 35-year-old Asian male reported with pain and lingering discomfort in relation to his maxillary right canine after the conventional root canal therapy. Radiographic examination revealed the presen...

The aim of this paper was to review the literature about the use of computerized tomography to evaluate the presence and characteristics of the second mesiobuccal canal in the maxillary first molar. An electronic search was performed. Frequencies of the presence of second mesiobuccal canal and root anatomy characteristics were extracted from the selected studies. Pooled frequencies were calcula...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate whether there is a genetic contribution to the development of narrow bony cochlear nerve canal and analyze the differences between unilateral and bilateral narrow bony cochlear nerve canal. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. METHODS Patients diagnosed with unilateral (n=44) or bilateral (n=13) sensorineural hearing loss with narrow bony cochlear nerve canal...

Success in root canal treatment is achieved after thought cleaning and shaping followed by the complete obturation of root canal system. Such treatment may be performed in root canal systems that do not comply with the normal anatomical features described in standard textbooks. This article describes the conventional root canal treatment on an unusual mandibular second molar with four root-canals.

The cross-sectional canal morphology and minimum widths of buccal and lingual canal walls were studied in 20 mandibular molars with C-shaped roots and canal orifices. The roots were mounted in clear resin blocks and sectioned transversely at 1-mm intervals. A total of 154 cross-sections were evaluated with an image analyzer. Twelve different longitudinal canal configurations were identified. Th...

OBJECTIVES This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to categorize the relationships between the mandibular canal and the roots and investigated the prevalence of nerve damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through CBCT images, contact and three-dimensional positional relationships between the roots of the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal were investigated. With this ...

BACKGROUND With root canal treatment, the organic debris and micro-organisms from pulp space is removed and an ideal canal preparation is achieved that is conducive of hermetic obturation. The purpose of this study was to correlate the pre-operative canal curvature with the postoperative curvature in human extracted teeth prepared with K-3 rotary systems. METHODS The root canal preparation wa...