In network investments, much of the real options value may reside “in” identifying the proper configuration to develop, in terms of the timing and sizing of its deployment. A longer-term perspective, with a treatment of uncertainty that moves beyond simply increasing deterministic specifications, has the potential to improve the design of networked infrastructures, such as power transmission ne...

Naive T cells have the capacity to expand in a lymphopenic environment in a process called homeostatic expansion, where they gain a memory-like phenotype. Homeostatic expansion is dependent on competition for a number of factors, including growth factors and interactions with their selecting self-MHC molecules. In contrast to conventional T cells, it is unclear whether class Ib-restricted CD8+ ...

Due to the low transmission capacity margin of overhead conductors ACSR type in existing grid structure, large-scale connection new energy is greatly limited. However, 60% IACS heat-resistant have conductivity and high power loss process. Therefore, 61. 5% aluminum alloy with are developed for line expansion reconstruction. The feasibility stranded conductor analyzed combination example urban t...

The design of decarbonized power systems is one the most relevant and challenging problems that system planners are facing nowadays. In this sense, replacement natural gas turbines by H2-fired in future may constitute a solution to reduce greenhouse emissions maintaining dispatchability system. This work develops novel generation capacity expansion formulation considers possibility installing n...

We consider power system expansion planning under uncertainty. In our approach, integer programming and stochastic programming provide a basic framework. We develop a multistage stochastic programming model in which some of the variables are restricted to integer values. By utilizing the special property of the problem, called block separable recourse, the problem is transformed into a two-stag...

We study Nash equilibria for a sequence of symmetric N-player stochastic games finite-fuel capacity expansion with singular controls and their mean-field game (MFG) counterpart. construct solution the MFG via simple iterative scheme that produces an optimal control in terms Skorokhod reflection at (state-dependent) surface splits state space into action inaction regions. then show induces appro...