Diabetes-associated complications in the microvasculature of the brain are caused by oxidative stress, generated by overproduction of reactive oxygen species from hyperglycemia-induced accelerated oxidative metabolism of glucose. Pericytes, essential for the viability of the microvasculature, are especially susceptible to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases, regulators of the ox...

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that plays important roles in the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, acid-base balance, and in subembryonic fluid formation in the early Japanese quail embryo. While turkey egg storage longer than 10 d is known to increase the rate of embryo mortality, little is known of the biological mechanisms that contribute to this phenomenon. In this study, we exa...

Acid-base equilibria/disequilibria were evaluated in vivo in post-branchial arterial blood and pre-branchial venous blood of freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This was accomplished using arterial and venous extracorporeal circuits in conjunction with a stopped-flow apparatus. After the abrupt stoppage of circulating post-branchial blood within the stopped-flow apparatus, pH increa...

Two isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1.) were compared in the anterior pituitary gland of non-tumor-bearing rats and in the hormone-secreting pituitary tumors. In contrast to the pituitary gland, which contained 60 to 70% of the total carbonic anhydrase in the particulate subcellular fraction, three hormone-secreting pituitary tumors were devoid of the particulate (Triton X-100-solubili...

The isoenzymes carbonic anhydrases B and C (EC 4.2.1 .l. C02tH20 2 HCO; t H+) from human erythrocytes have been extensively investigated by different physico-chemical methods in order to understand the mechanism of action of these efficient enzymes [l-4]. These two enzymes differ in their catalytic rate by a factor of about 5 for a number of reactions investigated. The primary structures of the...

The low-activity sulphonamide resistant isozyme of carbonic anhydrase 111 has been shown to be skeletal-muscle-specific in man (Carter et al., 1979), and preliminary experiments have demonstrated high activities of the homologous molecule in rabbit, bovine, sheep, baboon, pig, chicken, rat and mouse muscle (Jeffery & Carter, 1980). Several years ago a sulphonamide(Diamox)-resistant isoenzyme of...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of the study was to selectively examine the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on the large brain arteries by using concomitant inhibition of carbonic anhydrase to cause severe dilatation of mainly parenchymal resistance vessels. METHODS Cerebral blood flow was measured using the xenon-133 injection technique in three groups of Wistar rats either during car...

       Keeping in view the promising potential of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor based antimicrobials and enhancement of carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity by metal complexes of sulfonamides, with an aim to develop better antimicrobial agents we have attempted investigation of antimicrobial activity of metal complexes of 4-(2'-hydroxy phenyl imino) phenyl sulphonamide. Sulfanilamide was taken...

The pH dependence study reveals that the Cys 206 sulphydryl group of bovine carbonicanhydrase in the native form is not exposed. During the reaction of 2,2'-dithiobispyridine (2-DTP) with the enzyme, there was no absorbance change recorded. In the presence ofsurfactants, the pH dependence profiles of the apparent second order rate constants, kapp, forthe reaction of 2-DTP with bovine carbonic a...

Uveal effusion syndrome usually causes peripheral chorioretinal detachment, but posterior effusion may present as isolated macular edema with serous macular detachment in the setting of hyperopia and a thickened posterior choroid. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may be effective to treat this condition.