Gate level fault models, although simplify test pattern generation and permit to gather diierent faults into equivalence classes, in some case are unrealistic and may lead to test invalidation since they do not take into account the physical aspects of the problem. In general all the faults that may aaect a circuit may be divided into shorts and opens, a logic test may not be able to detect all...

Alignment of organisational strategy with Information Systems Strategy (ISS) has become critical as adoption of Information Systems (IS ) over the last 50 years has escalated. IS capabilities have evolved from central, internally controlled and strictly restricted data processing and automation architectures, to less structured, globally distributed and largely unregulated, Internet-linked IS. ...

We study the security requirements for remote authentication with password protected smart card. In recent years, several protocols for password-based authenticated key exchange have been proposed. These protocols are used for the protection of password based authentication between a client and a remote server. In this paper, we will focus on the password based authentication between a smart ca...

CarD is an essential RNA polymerase (RNAP) interacting protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that stimulates formation of RNAP-promoter open complexes. CarD plays a complex role in M. tuberculosis growth and virulence that is not fully understood. Therefore, to gain further insight into the role of CarD in M. tuberculosis growth and virulence, we determined the effect of increasing the affinity...

We exploit a unique merchant-level dataset from the monopoly payment card network in China to study payment card pricing. We develop hypotheses associating payment card pricing to card penetration rate, profitability and fraud risk. Our empirical analysis uses the variations in those three factors across industries to show that the card network charges a higher merchant discount for industries ...

from applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in fl/sl: learning to use or using to learn? definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. that is why there was a gradu...

This paper presents a model for the credit card industry, where oligopolistic card networks price their products in a complex marketplace with competing payment instruments, rational consumers/merchants, and competitive card issuers/acquirers. The analysis suggests that card networks demand higher interchange fees to maximize card issuers’ profits as card payments become more efficient. At equi...

The minimax argument represents game theory in its most elegant form: simple but with stark predictions. Although some of these predictions have been confirmed in field data, tests of minimax have generally failed in laboratory experiments that make use of student subjects. In a seminal study, Palacios-Huerta and Volij (2007) present evidence that potentially resolves this puzzle: soccer player...