This article analyzes differences in costs, patterns of care, and returns to work between workers treated by either a chiropractor or a physician for an episode of back pain. The article extends prior research by adding controls for unobserved heterogeneity to the models and by using data on health care payments rather than charges. The results imply that chiropractors and physicians are equall...

Abstract Although the literature on informal care-giving for older parents shows that daughters have a higher tendency to provide care compared with sons, only few studies focused gender composition of all children or parents’ entire range options. Our study examines effect children's and formal types, as well network. Using data from 2015 Survey Health, Ageing Retirement in Europe (N = 40,312)...

The Partners Healthcare Epilepsy Service hosts an epilepsy 'Webforum'. In this paper, we describe our observations regarding who uses it, what kind of information is exchanged, how much misinformation is present and how we can better serve our patients. We examined a sample of 155 posts to the forum and 342 responses to those posts. The individual making the post and the type of questions were ...

BACKGROUND Family members provide vital care at end of life, enabling patients to remain at home. Such informal care contributes significantly to the economy while supporting patients' preferences and government policy. However, the value of care-givers' contributions is often underestimated or overlooked in evaluations. Without information on the activities and expenditures involved in informa...

mind is mysterious and complex . thoughts were transferred from one mind to the other mind by cognitive domains and senses. the scientific information is based on observation and analysis, and research may benefit the most through initial real information. we have a virtual area in mind; this area can help us for cognition of patients even if they do not speak. physicians, nurses, therapists, c...

BACKGROUND Pain is an important problem for patients with cancer and is particularly important for elderly patients with cancer and their family care givers. Increasingly, cancer is managed on an outpatient basis with pain management responsibility assumed by the family at home. This study evaluated a structured pain education program that included three components: basic pain management princi...