background: gold nanoparticles (gnps) have been shown as a good radiosensitizer. in combination with radiotherapy, several studies with orthovoltage x-rays have shown considerable dose enhancement effects. this paper reports the dose enhancement factor (def) due to gnps in 18 megavoltage (mv) beams. materials and methods: different geometrical 50-nm gnps configurations at a concentration of 5 m...

The percentage depth dose in the build-up region and the surface dose for the 6-MV photon beam from a Varian Clinac 23EX medical linear accelerator was investigated for square field sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15 and 20 × 20 cm(2)using the EGS4nrc Monte Carlo (MC) simulation package. The depth dose was found to change rapidly in the build-up region, and the percentage surface dose increased p...

Introduction: GafChromic EBT films are one of the self-developing and modern films commercially available for dosimetric verification of treatment planning systems (TPSs). Their high spatial resolution, low energy dependence and near-tissue equivalence make them suitable for verification of dose distributions in radiation therapy. This study was designed to evaluate the dosimetric parameters of...

The Monte Carlo (MC) method has been shown through many research studies to calculate accurate dose distributions for clinical radiotherapy, particularly in heterogeneous patient tissues where the effects of electron transport cannot be accurately handled with conventional, deterministic dose algorithms. Despite its proven accuracy and the potential for improved dose distributions to influence ...

In this study, a methodology has been developed to emulate a time consuming Monte Carlo (MC) simulation by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the assessment of model parametric uncertainty. First, MC simulation of a given process model is run. Then an ANN is trained to approximate the functional relationships between the input variables of the process model and the synthetic uncertain...

Nowadays, precise prediction of heat generation in semiconductor devices is important. An electro-thermal analysis is an attractive method to predict heat generation in devices. In this analysis, momentum and energy relaxation times are taken as the important parameters. Calculated heat generation density is dependent on the energy relaxation time. Conventionally, these relaxation times have be...

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) represents the development of optical communication. The advantages OCDMA such as, asynchronous multiuser communication transmission, flexibility, ample bandwidth and scalability; have made this technique a better candidate to be proposed for next generation network on chip. In paper, performance on-chip system is analyzed. Analytical techniques est...

The status of the Monte Carlo programs for the simulation of the τ-lepton production and decay in high energy accelerator experiments is reviewed. In particular, the status of the following packages is discussed: (i) TAUOLA for τ-lepton decay and PHOTOS for radiative corrections in decays, (ii) MC-TESTER for universal tests of the Monte Carlo programs describing particle decays, (iii) KORALB, K...

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of lattice models are a widely used way to compute thermodynamic properties of substitutional alloys. A limitation to their more widespread use is the difficulty of driving a MC simulation in order to obtain the desired quantities. To address this problem, we have devised a variety of high-level algorithms that serve as an interface between the user and a traditiona...

The general-purpose self-adapting Monte Carlo (MC) event generator/simulator mFOAM (standing for mini-FOAM) is a new compact version of the FOAM program, with a slightly limited functionality with respect to its parent version. On the other hand, mFOAM is easier to use for the average user. This new version is fully integrated with the ROOT package, the C++ utility library used widely in the pa...