In studies of solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle (SEP) events the Parker spiral (PS) field approximation, based only on the measured 1 AU solar wind (SW) speed Vsw, is nearly always used to determine the coronal or photospheric source locations of the 1 AU magnetic fields. There is no objective way to validate that approximation, but here we seek guidelines for optimizing its application. We...

Abstract The input of the solar wind models plays a significant role in accurate predictions at 1 au. This work introduces synthetic magnetogram produced from dynamo model as an for magnetohydrodynamics simulations. We perform quantitative study that compares space weather modeling framework (SWMF) results observed and input. For each case, we compare extreme ultraviolet images extract simulati...

Digitized images of the drawings by J.C. Staudacher were used to determine sunspot positions for the period of 1749–1796. From the entire set of drawings, 6285 sunspot positions were obtained for a total of 999 days. Various methods have been applied to find the orientation of the solar disk which is not given for the vast majority of the drawings by Staudacher. Heliographic latitudes and longi...

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London Vol. 34 No. 4 July/August 2000 343 diabetic neuropathy. Neurology 1998; 50:1842–6. 13 Carrington AL, Litchfield JE. The aldose reductase pathway and non-enzymatic glycation in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy: a critical review for the end of the twentieth century. Diabetes Rev 1999;7:275–99. 14 Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ, Hasch ...

Abstract Cereal rye has been utilized in multiple ways within cropping systems the northern Great Plains. Rye traditionally not as a suitable grain for growing and finishing calves. Previously, recommendations have limited use of due to negative effects ergot ingestion. Recent hybrid germplasms shown increased yields with decreased incidence ergot. The aim this study was determine ground inclus...