Modern research in the field of Earth sciences is continually developing, from the descriptions of each individual natural phenomenon to the systematic complex research in interdisciplinary areas. For studies of this kind in the form of three-dimensional (3D) systems, the author proposes two modules, each with its own coordinate system: Module 1, a 3D model of Earth, the coordinates of which pr...

We examine the anatomical basis for the representation of stimulus parameters within a neural map and examine the extraction of these parameters by sensory interneurons (INs) in the cricket cercal sensory system. The extraction of air current direction by these sensory interneurons can be understood largely in terms of the anatomy of the system. There are two critical anatomical constraints. (1...

Inter-Satellite links (ISLs) will be an important technique for a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in the future. Based on the principles of general relativity, the time transfer in an ISL is modeled and the algorithm for onboard computation is described. It is found, in general, satellites with circular orbits and identical semi-major axes can benefit inter-satellite time transfer by ...

Ion temperatures as a function of the x and y axes in the geocentric solar magnetospheric (GSM) coordinate system and time are available for 76 geomagnetic storms that occurred during the period July 2008 to December 2013 on CDAWeb. The method for mapping energetic neutral atom data from the Two Wide-angle Imaging Spectrometers (TWINS) mission to the GSM equatorial plane and subsequent ion temp...

| In this paper, a modern time-domain introduction is presented for electromagnetic field theory in ðN þ 1Þ-spacetime. It uses a consistent tensor/array notation that accommodates the description of electromagnetic phenomena in N-dimensional space (plus time), a requirement that turns up in present-day theoretical cosmology, where a unified theory of electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena ...

The split-step Fourier method is used in three-dimensional parabolic-equation (PE) models to compute underwater sound propagation in one direction (i.e. forward). The method is implemented in both Cartesian (x, y, z) and cylindrical (r, θ, z) coordinate systems, with forward defined as along x and radial coordinate r, respectively. The Cartesian model has uniform resolution throughout the domai...

We present the results of two studies of the use of spatial reference frames in speakers of 11 linguistic varieties. A series of mixed-models linear regression analyses of the responses to a referential communication task shows the significant factors in predicting frame use to be the participants’ first and second-language, their literacy, the local topography and population density. This sugg...

Many recently developed information visualization techniques are radial variants of originally Cartesian visualizations. Almost none of these radial variants have been evaluated with respect to their benefits over their original visualizations. In this work we compare a radial and a Cartesian variant of a visualization tool for sequences of transactions in information hierarchies. The Timeline ...