Policy makers search for strategies to promote resilience and mitigate the effects of future climatic shocks. In this paper, we assess whether small regular cash transfers strengthen poor households' ability welfare drought We analyze mechanisms through which contribute resilience, including savings, asset accumulation as well income smoothing in agriculture off-farm activities. combine househo...

There are sizeable energy access deficits in the developing world. Leveraging panel data from experimental impact evaluations of three unconditional cash transfer programs Malawi and Zambia, we investigate how ultra-poor households rural areas adapt their portfolios when experiencing exogenous increases income. Households make several changes to primary fuel sources that they use on a regular b...