this article considers all the mulla sadra’s proofs of primacy of existence (asalat al-wujud) found in all his works‚ and concludes that sadra has two approaches in his arguments: (1) to prove the primacy of existence through negation of original attributes from quiddity (mahiyyah), (2) to refute the primacy of quiddity through indirect proof. at the end‚ we conclude that the first approach and...

Abstract In this article I discuss the moral-coherence reading of Kant’s moral argument offered by Allen Wood in his recent book Kant and Religion , display some challenges that it faces suggest a moral-psychological formulation is preferable.

ash'ari and the moste of mu'tazilite blive on the people must determine imam. based on their interpretation of this, there is two facts: first, the legal obligation is the religious necessity, not rational necessity, and secondly it is a task people not duty to god in this article we have tried to show the shi'te arguments on determine imam is a duty to god not people. such as: 1...

The article analyzes the nature of cognitive experience in context non-classical epistemology and critically interprets dogmatic concept process as a special form reality reflection. Borrowing his arguments from neurobiology, science cross-cultural studies, author makes following conclusions: modular architecture perceptual systems embodied cognition impose certain restrictions on way presentin...