Ionic diffusion coefficients in the membrane are needed for modelling of ion transport ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) with Nernst-Planck equation. We have determined ionic Na+, OH?, H+, Cl?, SO42?, NaSO4?, and HSO4? from experiments dilute NaCl, NaOH, HCl, Na2SO4, H2SO4 solutions through IEMs conductivity measured these solutions, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The order fluxes ac...

Groundwater is a major source of water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors in many countries. The main objective of this research was to provide an overview of present groundwater quality using parameters such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) in the Mehran plain, Ilam province using GIS and geostatistical techniques. A total o...

-Well-characterized American Petroleum Institute clay standards, source clays from The Clay Minerals Society, and other secondary minerals were used to determine the effects of U concentration, temperature, and solution composition on U-sorption properties. Uranium concentrations ranged from about 1.00 x 10 -4 M to 4.00 x 10 7 M, temperatures from 5 ~ to 65~ and solution compositions containing...

Cation exchange membranes are used for electrochemical reduction of CO 2 in alkaline media, where the anion conductivity hydroxide (OH − ) and bicarbonate (HCO 3 essential process. Any partial anionic species containing (i.e. or carbonate (CO 2− ions) causes parasitic transport , a critical issue technology. In this work, cation contacted with support electrolytes is experimentally studied hydr...

Groundwater is a major source of water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors in many countries. The main objective of this research was to provide an overview of present groundwater quality using parameters such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) in the Mehran plain, Ilam province using GIS and geostatistical techniques. A total o...

There is one cation-anion pair in the asymmetric unit of the title compound [systematic name: 4-(3-carb-oxy-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)-1-ethyl-piperazin-1-ium 2,4,6-tri-nitro-phenolate], C(19)H(23)FN(3)O(3) (+)·C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-). The six-membered piperazine group in the cation adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation and contains a protonated N atom. The dihedral angles b...

The title compound, C(13)H(13)F(2)N(6)O(+)·C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-), is the first structurally characterized salt of the cation of fluconazole [systematic name 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol], a synthetic anti-fungal agent. In the crystal, the components are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the hy-droxy group of the fluconazolium cation and the C=O(-) group...

In this study, commercially available cation- and anion-exchange membranes were investigated in hybrid liquid/gas electrolyzers by coupling situ ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with finite element analysis.

Anion-yield spectroscopy using x rays is shown to be a selective probe of molecular core-level processes, providing unique experimental verification of shape resonances. For CO, partial anion and cation yields are presented for photon energies near the C K edge. The O- yield exhibits features above threshold related only to doubly excited states, in contrast to cation yields which also exhibit ...