The parasite, Leishmania, is the causative agent of the disease leishmaniasis and is highly endemic in 98 countries spread across the tropics, subtropics and Mediterranean Basin. It is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies, and it appears in three clinical manifestations namely:  cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. It is known that at least...

Arabidopsis thaliana grown in soil from field plots amended with composted forms of paper mill residuals (PMR) exhibited reduced symptoms of bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) compared with plants grown in soil from field plots amended with a non-composted PMR or non-amended soils. Similar results were obtained with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). No relatio...

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is known as bovine lymphosarcoma and normally affects the old cattle. EBL is caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which is generally spread all around the world. This virus is transmitted via bovine blood products within and between cattle herds. Glycoprotein GP51 in the blood is responsible for cattle immune responses to BLV. This virus has been previously dete...

During 2010 and 2012 grape harvest seasons in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, a white stain symptom was observed on the harvested grape fruits in 'Campbell-Early' and 'Kyoho' varieties. In samples collected from the infected vine, two different strains of pathogenic fungi have been found and identified as Acremonium acutatum and Trichothecium roseum based on fungal morphology and nucleotide sequence of int...

UNLABELLED Meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis has recently been reported in patients resulting from the first outbreaks in subtropical regions of Ecuador. METHOD Eight young adult patients from the two outbreaks were studied. IgA, IgM, IgG and albumin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were quantified and plotted in cerebrospinal fluid/serum quotient diagrams (Reibergrams). The an...

A case of Oral Allergy syndrome or Pollen-Food Allergy Syndrome is briefly discussed. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management of this syndrome are discussed followed by clinical pearls and pitfalls for the practicing allergist. Symptoms generally occur with the ingestion of raw fruits/vegetables and nuts; cooked foods are not a problem. Symptoms are caused by a hea...

In 2006~2010, leaf spot symptoms, that is, small, yellow spots that turned into dark brown-to-black lesions surrounded by a yellow halo, were observed on Cymbidium spp. in Gongju, Taean, and Gapyeong in Korea. A Fusarium species was continuously isolated from symptomatic leaves; in pathogenicity testing, isolates caused leaf spot symptoms consisting of sunken, dark brown lesions similar to the ...

Popliteal artery injury is a very rare complication of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The authors experienced a case of popliteal arterial pseudoaneurysm after re-revision of ACL reconstruction using Rigidfix for femoral tunnel fixation. Pseudoaneurysm was detected in knee magnetic resonance imaging, which caused pain, limit of motion, common peroneal nerve palsy, leg swelling...

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Salmonella gallinarum endotoxin on clinical symptoms and some haematological changes in mature six-month-old cockerels. Salmonella gallinarum endotoxin caused characteristic clinical symptoms, severe olygocytic hypochromic anaemia, leucocytosis and increased phagocytic function of leucocytes. Heterophilia was associated with relative lyphopeni...