Recent work on causal learning has investigated the possible role of generic priors in guiding human judgments of causal strength. One proposal has been that people have a preference for causes that are sparse and strong—i.e., few in number and individually strong (Lu et al., 2008). Evidence for the use of sparse-and-strong priors has been obtained using a maximally simple causal set-up (a sing...

Several conditions fit this description, the mode of transmission being X-linked, autosomal dominant or recessive. The hearing loss is usually progressive and can be conductive, sensory or neural. In addition, some of the progressive inherited hearing losses of childhood may not develop auditory difficulties until adult life, although they should have been diagnosed in childhood (see Volume 6)....

Defects of the oxidative phosphorylation system, in particular of cytochrome-c oxidase (COX, respiratory chain complex IV), are common causes of Leigh syndrome (LS), which is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with severe progressive neurological symptoms that usually present during infancy or early childhood. The COX-deficient form of LS is commonly caused by mutations in genes encoding COX ass...

BACKGROUND/AIM Epidemiological studies of blindness in a working age population require a precise definition of the true connection of uveitis and visual damage. Since most patients with more severe types of uveitis are hospitalized in tertiary referral uveitis service, our aim was to determine whether age, sex and age of onset of uveitis, as well as duration of visual loss and its causes influ...

in order to evaluation of rice stem borer's damage (chilo suppressalis walker), on rice ‎cultivars an experiment was carried out by two factors, (three cultivars and five spraying times), in ‎completed randomized block design an factorial sampling was conducted on the hills infested to ‎deadhearts (d.h), whiteheads (w.h) and yield loss. five hills were randomly selected from each plot ‎and...

The causes of kidney allograft loss remain unclear. Herein we investigated these causes in 1317 conventional kidney recipients. The cause of graft loss was determined by reviewing clinical and histologic information the latter available in 98% of cases. During 50.3 +/- 32.6 months of follow-up, 330 grafts were lost (25.0%), 138 (10.4%) due to death with function, 39 (2.9%) due to primary nonfun...

abstract to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on competitive ability of canola against wild mustard interference, a split plot trial based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was carried out. experimental treatment were amounts of nitrogen fertilizer of urea (46% nitrogen) in 4 levels (100, 150, 200 and 250 kgn/ha) and 5 wild mustard densities ...

We study the current discrepancy between the model-predicted and measured concentrations of Fe and Fe in ionized nebulae. We calculate a set of photoionization models, updated with the atomic data relevant to the problem, and compare their results with those derived for the available nebulae where both [Fe III] and [Fe IV] lines have been measured. Our new model results are closer to the measur...