Heard Island contains a system of lava tube caves in a largely pristine condition which are the best developed bedrock caves known in Antarctic or Subantarctic latitudes. They require special management, because of significant and sometimes fragile attributes associated with cave geomorphology, geology, hydrology, atmospheres, soils, microbiology, flora, fauna, vertebrate palaeontology, archaeo...

Among the many natural phenomena already studied in computer graphics research, the interior of caves remains largely unexplored. We present in this paper a plausible approach, based on Geological studies, for modeling the genesis and growth of speleothems. Speleothems are mineral depositions formed in caves, such as stalactites, stalagmites and columns. Our approach takes advantage of the new ...

[1] Secondary calcite shelfstone deposits in caves can be used to precisely measure tilting over geologic timescales. Calcite deposited along the edges of former pools can be surveyed to within a single millimeter, and can be dated using uranium-series disequilibrium. Two caves in the southern Sierra Nevada, California, contain tilted calcite deposits of glacial age. A third cave contains a sim...

Solvation is essential for protein activities. To study internal solvation of protein, site-directed mutagenesis is applied. Intrinsic fluorescent probe, tryptophan, is inserted into desired position inside protein molecule for ultrafast spectroscopic study. Here we review this unique method for protein dynamics researches. We introduce the frontiers of protein solvation, site-directed mutagene...

(1) Background: Show caves are unique natural attractions and touristic traffic can trigger their degradation within a short time. There no universal solutions to counter the effects of impact upon cave environment both protection protocols management plans have be established on case-by-case basis. (2) Methods: The study includes four show from Romanian Carpathians, where monitoring number vis...

Caves possess a continuum of ecological zones that differ in their microhabitat conditions, resulting gradient nutrients, climate, and illumination. These conditions engender relatively rapid speciation diverse assemblages highly specialised spider fauna. It is unclear, however, how zonation these caves affects assemblage composition structure. Surveys 35 Levantine were conducted to compare the...

Condensation water is a major factor in the conservation of heritage caves. It can cause dissolution rock substrate (and pigments art drawn on it) or covering thereof with mineral components, depending chemical saturation degree condensation water. In show caves, visitors act as source CO2 and thus modify microclimate, favouring negative processes that affect spite their interest, studies compo...