PURPOSE The study explores international trends in law on compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers (CCC), and two subtypes - civil CCC and CCC within criminal justice legislation - as well as maximum length and amount of applications of such care. METHOD The time period covers more than 25 years, and a total of 104 countries and territories. The study is based on available data in ...

The distribution of the range of a sample, even in the case of a normal distribution, is not symmetric. Shewhart’s control chart for range and other approximations for range from skewed distributions and long-tailed (leptokurtic) symmetrical distributions assume the distribution of range as symmetric and provide ±3 sigma control limits. We provide accurate approximations for the R-chart control...

multivariate control charts such as hotelling`s t^ 2 and x^ 2 are commonly used for monitoring several related quality characteristics. these control charts use correlation structure that exists between quality characteristics in an attempt to improve monitoring. the purpose of this article is to discuss some issues related to the g chart proposed by levinson et al. [9] for detecting shifts in ...

the efficiency and robustness of reliability methods are two important factors in first order reliability method (form). the conjugate choice control (ccc) and directional chaos control method (dcc) were developed to improve the robustness and efficiency of form formula using the stability transformation method. in this paper, the ccc and dcc methods are applied for reliability analysis of a co...

Let B be a complete ccc Boolean algebra and let τs be the topology on B induced by the algebraic convergence of sequences in B. 1. Either there exists a Maharam submeasure on B or every nonempty open set in (B, τs) is topologically dense. 2. It is consistent that every weakly distributive complete ccc Boolean algebra carries a strictly positive Maharam submeasure. 3. The topological space (B, τ...

Chronic Chagas' disease cardiomyopathy (CCC) is an often fatal outcome of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, with a poorer prognosis than other cardiomyopathies. CCC is refractory to heart failure treatments, and is the major indication of heart transplantation in Latin America. A diffuse myocarditis, plus intense myocardial hypertrophy, damage and fibrosis, in the presence of very few T. cruzi forms...

En este artículo se discuten las formas de comercialización los productos agroalimentarios base agroecológica familias agricultoras, a través circuitos cortos; partiendo la construcción social mercados como acto político por parte productores y consumidores. Para análisis, llevó cabo una revisión bibliográfica sobre aspectos teóricos experiencias en el territorio brasilero referidas cortos (CCC...

Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCC) is the second most common subtype of ovarian cancer after high-grade serous adenocarcinomas. CCC tends to develop resistance to the standard platinum-based chemotherapy, and has a poor prognosis when diagnosed in advanced stages. The ANXA4 gene, along with its product, a Ca(++)-binding annexin A4 (ANXA4) protein, has been identified as the CCC signature g...

Wood-polymer composites (WPC) have been extensively used for building products, outdoor decking, automotive, packaging materials, and other applications. WPC is subject to fungal and termite attacks due to wood components enveloped in the thermoplastic matrix. Much effort has been made to improve decay resistance of WPC using zinc borate and other chemicals. In this study, chitosan copper compl...

In this paper, we first propose a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of a change point in highyield processes, where the only assumption is that the change belongs to a family of monotonic changes. Following a signal from the cumulative count of conforming (CCC) control chart, the performance of the proposed monotonic change-point estimator is next evaluated by comparing its performances to the...