Currently, there are about 37 million people worldwide living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) /AIDS, with an estimated two million new cases per year globally. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), only 75% of the population with HIV know their status. Initially, HIV infection was associated with significantly increased rates of mortality and morbidity. Howeve...

Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic approach in many areas of clinical oncology and hematology. The approval ipilimumab, monoclonal antibody targeting the immune cell receptor CTLA-4, marked beginning era checkpoint inhibitors. In meantime, numerous antibodies PD-1 pathway have expanded class clinically approved Furthermore, novel directed against other checkpoints are currently...

background: gp41 of hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) is a protein that mediates fusion between viral and cellular membranes. the agent, t-20, which has been approved for hiv inhibition, can restrain gp41 function in the fusion process; nevertheless, it has disadvantages like instability, high cost of production and injection form to be delivered twice a day. methods: several molecules like nb...

conclusions the application of 5-ht1a, 5-ht2, 5-ht3, 5-ht4, 5-ht6 and 5-ht7 receptor antagonists, applied at concentrations lower than 1.0 µm did not modify the efs-induced contraction and relaxation responses, whichsuggests the unlikely involvement of endogenous 5-ht in mediating responses to efs in the described test conditions. materials and methods segments taken from the rat duodenum, jeju...

Tumor immunotherapy is currently a hot research topic in the field of oncology, and an efficacious mode tumor treatment. Programmed cell death receptor PD-1 (PD-1) important immunosuppressive molecule, which mainly expressed activated T B cells. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can block binding to PD-L1, negative regulatory signals, restore activity cells, thus enhancing immune response.