The liver plays a vital role in hematopoiesis during mammalian prenatal development but its hematopoietic output declines during the perinatal period. Nonetheless, hepatic hematopoiesis is believed to persist into adulthood. We sought to model human adult-liver hematopoiesis by transplantation of fetal and neonatal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into adult immunodeficient mice. Livers were fou...

Background: Some patients with Japanese cedar pollen (JCP)-induced allergic rhinitis develop pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) as a reaction to tomato fruit. Pollen allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is reportedly beneficial for some associated food allergies; however, the reported changes in food allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG 4 levels are inconsistent. Here,...

Basophil activation was observed in patients with a history of carboplatin-induced severe hypersensitivity reaction (HR). However, the precise mechanism by which carboplatin induces basophil activation and the associated surrogate markers remains to be elucidated. To investigate whether IgE-dependent mechanisms, including the overexpression of FcεRI, participate in carboplatin-induced basophil ...

BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an emerging therapeutic target in IgE receptor (IgER)-cross-linked basophils. METHODS We examined the effects of four BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib, dasatinib, AVL-292, and CNX-774) on IgE-dependent activation and histamine release in blood basophils obtained from allergic patients (n=11) and nonallergic donors (n=5). In additi...

BACKGROUND Most of the peanut-sensitized children do not have clinical peanut allergy. In equivocal cases, oral food challenges (OFCs) are required. However, OFCs are laborious and not without risk; thus, a test that could accurately diagnose peanut allergy and reduce the need for OFCs is desirable. OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of basophil activation test (BAT) as a diagnostic marker f...

BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated the time course of inflammatory mediators in nasal fluids following nasal allergen challenge (NAC), whereas the effects of NAC on cells in the periphery are unknown. We examined the time course of effector cell markers (for basophils, dendritic cells and T cells) in peripheral blood after nasal grass pollen allergen challenge. METHODS Twelve partic...

903 a different perception on rhinitis, be it caused by an IgEor a non -IgE -mediated challenge, because CD63 is easily activated by nonallergic stimulation.4 Furthermore, the ability to perform an accurate BAT depends also on the gating strategy used by the test to catch basophils in the flow cytometry electronic capture.5 The Flow2CASTTM (BÜHLMANN, Schönenbuch, Switzerland) used by Leśniak et...

BACKGROUND Cat allergen is widely distributed in homes and schools; allergic sensitization is common. OBJECTIVE To develop a model of cat allergen nasal challenge to establish dose-response and time-course characteristics and investigate local and systemic biomarkers of allergic inflammation. METHODS Nineteen cat-allergic individuals underwent titrated nasal challenge, range 0.243 to 14.6 μ...

Pimecrolimus (Elidel, SDZ ASM 981) is an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory 33-epichloro-derivative of macrolactam ascomycin, with low potential for affecting systemic immune responses compared with other calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A and tacrolimus. Despite numerous studies focused on the mechanism of pimecrolimus action on mast cells, only the single report has addressed pimecroli...

were either unresponsive or showed elevated mRNA levels of the Th1-promoting chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11. Conclusions: This study supported by grant SFB-F1802 of the Austrian Science Fund shows for the first time that the allergen uptake is specific and similar in DCs from allergic and healthy individuals. More important, the ensuing signal cascade that is triggered by the allergen differs bet...