Naive T lymphocytes recirculate through the lymph-vascular system and enter and exit lymphoid organs. Using mice expressing the photoconvertible fluorescence protein Kaede, we demonstrated that naive T cells seek to interact with endogenous Ags after migrating to the lymphoid organs. The interaction with endogenous Ags transiently induces CD69 expression on T cells, which prolongs retention in ...

Latent membrane protein‑1 (LMP-1) of Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV) promotes tumorigenesis. Here, we report that LMP-1 activates the immunoregulatory molecule CD69 gene transcription through a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)‑dependent pathway. CD69 expression was upregulated in LMP-1‑expressing EBV-immortalized human B-cell lines and an EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. LMP-1 expression increased ...

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonotic parasitic disease and oral vaccine delivery system would be benefit for prevention of this disease. Although attenuated salmonella has been used as an antigen expression vector for oral vaccine development, the membrane-bound vacuoles in which bacteria reside hinders the presentation of expressed heterologous antigens to the major histocompatibi...

The leukocyte activation marker CD69 is a novel regulator of the immune response, modulating the production of cytokines including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). We have generated an antimurine CD69 monoclonal antibody (mAb), CD69.2.2, which down-regulates CD69 expression in vivo but does not deplete CD69-expressing cells. Therapeutic administration of CD69.2.2 to wild-type mice in...

EA1 is an abundant, highly antigenic, surface layer protein of Bacillus anthracis vegetative cells. Recent studies indicate that EA1 is also a component of B. anthracis spores and a potential marker for spore detection. We show here that EA1 is not a spore component but a persistent contaminant in spore preparations.

Background and Aim: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with raised liver enzymes, pruritus elevated fasting total bile acids (TBA) may lead to adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, meconium-stained liquor, stillbirth, foetal growth restriction etc. The change in inflammatory profile ICP association TBA not known. Methods: Patients (aged >21) confirmed diagnosi...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which spontaneously develops in (NZB (New Zealand Black) x NZW (New Zealand White)) F1 mice, is strictly dependent on CD4+ T cells. We found that in these mice with overt SLE, CD4+ T cells expressing CD69 molecules, an early activation Ag, are dramatically increased in peripheral lymphoid tissues and inflammatory infiltrates in the kidney and lung, but not in...

Objective: Despite the existence of several therapeutic strategies, management cervical cancer remains challenging. Our region has very little data on interaction between immune system and clinical response to chemotherapy. This work examines plasma levels galectin-3 (Gal-3) percentages activated T cells in patients with treated chemotherapy investigates if there is a relationship rates these t...