Proofs of partial knowledge allow a prover to prove knowledge of witnesses for k out of n instances of NP languages. Cramer, Schoenmakers and Damg̊ard [CDS94] provided an efficient construction of a 3-round public-coin witness-indistinguishable (k, n)-proof of partial knowledge for any NP language, by cleverly combining n executions of Σ-protocols for that language. This transform assumes that a...

New observations of >15 MeV/nuc trapped heavy ions with Z 2 2 have been made by the SAMPEX spacecraft in low polar orbit. The composition of these ions, which are located primarily around L = 2, is dominated by He, N, 0, and Ne. The N, 0, and Ne ions are apparently trapped "anomalous cosmic rays," while the origin of the trapped He flux is presently uncertain. These ions can affect the rate of ...

Abstract IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (Itk) is a critical component of receptor (TCR) signaling required for activation PLCg and downstream transcription factors, that regulate expression effector molecules. Loss Itk impairs T-cell by modulating the strength TCR signal. −/−mice have defects in development with decreased proliferation impaired differentiation to multiple CD4 helper lineages. Mos...