OBJECTIVES The activity of ceftazidime/avibactam and comparator agents was monitored at 73 medical centres across all nine US census bureau regions during 2012. METHODS Bacterial isolates were collected from patients hospitalized with pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTI), intra-abdominal infections (IAI) and bloodstream infections (BSI). The study protocol predetermined the target number...

Imipenem (formerly N-formimidoyl thienamycin) and ceftazidime were investigated for their postantibiotic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Four strains of P. aeruginosa in the logarithmic phase of growth were exposed for 1 and 2 h to concentrations of antibiotics achievable in human serum. Recovery periods of test cultures were evaluated after dilution or addition of beta-lactamase. A consisten...

Abstract Background In cancer patients, various infections were developed due to severe neutropenia resulted from chemotherapy. Ceftazidime is commonly used as monotherapy of cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. Meropenem is a new carbapenem with more extended antibacterial spectrum including anaerobes. It provides better coverage against gram positives. This trial compared the efficac...

The pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftazidime, a third generation cephalosporin, were investigated in six buffalo calves after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight. Ceftazidime concentrations in plasma and urine were determined by microbiological assay. Ceftazidime disposition was best fitted by a two-compartmental and a one-compar...

Purpose. To report a case of microbial keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with a combination of acetazolamide and ceftazidime. Methods. Case report. Results. We report the case of a 17-year-old contact lens-wearing female who developed severe keratitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa temporarily healed with topical fortified antibiotic eye drops. After few days, the patient relaps...

The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime, moxalactam, and ceftazidime were investigated in six human volunteers who received in a crossover fashion doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g of each drug by a 5-min infusion. Doses of 1.0 g were repeated after the administration of probenecid. Serum and urine concentrations were assayed with an agar diffusion method. Serum concentrations of moxalactam exceeded thos...

During a 4-month period in late 1988, we isolated ceftazidime-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae from 29 patients at a chronic-care facility in Massachusetts. Ceftazidime resistance resulted from two distinct extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the TEM type which efficiently hydrolyzed the cephalosporin: YOU-1 with a pI of 5.57 and YOU...

A three-pronged cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic cancer patients was conducted. It included a review of 37 randomized, controlled studies in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (1980-1996). Clinical outcomes as well as costs of treatment with imipenem/cilastatin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone + aminoglycoside were compared. Primary therapy and modificat...

We randomized 18 critically ill patients to receive ceftazidime 6 g/day by continuous infusion or bolus dosing (2 g 8 hourly), each with a loading dose of 12 mg/kg ceftazidime. During the first 8 h, plasma ceftazidime concentration fell below 40 mg/L in only one patient (trough 38 mg/L) from the infusion group, compared with eight from the bolus group (2-33 mg/L) for periods ranging from 73 to ...

The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after a 1-g bolus dose were studied in six elderly volunteers and 12 young subjects. Serum and urine samples were collected in serial order for 24 h and assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The ceftazidime renal clearance was reduced in elderly subjects, a symptom related to normal aging of the kidneys. The decrease in volume of distribution in the...