The arithmetic of quaternions is recalled from a constructive point of view. A Hecke module is introduced, defined as a free abelian group on right ideal classes of a quaternion order, together with a natural action of Hecke operators. An equivalent construction in terms of Shimura curves is then introduced, and the quaternion construction is applied to the analysis of specific modular and Shim...

We report two brothers, aged 2k and 4i, with similar features, namely developmental delay, short stature, and small delicate facies. Chromosome analysis revealed a pericentric inversion of chromosome 11 in one boy and a normal karyotype in the other. The father was shown to be the carrier of this pericentric inversion. Two brothers with mental retardation, particularly in the area of speech dev...

The authors implied that the abnormal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry is one of the risk markers for preeclampsia in the second or third trimester and that its abnormality is practically defined at 22–24 weeks as bilateral notching with mean resistance index (RI) > 0.55 (i.e., > 50th centile), unilateral notching with mean RI > 0.65 (> 90th centile), or no notching with mean RI > 0.70 (> 95t...

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can ensure quick and effective treatment but only 20% of adults with emergency admissions for chest pain have an AMI. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays may allow rapid rule-out of AMI and avoidance of unnecessary hospital admissions and anxiety. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness...

BACKGROUND The United States has been the country with the highest body mass indexes (BMIs; in kg/m(2)) at higher centiles, but research that compares the United States with other nations is lacking. OBJECTIVE To present a picture of global obesity and examine the shifts in BMI in children, I examined BMI data for men and women at the upper ends of the BMI distributions in Australia, China, t...

OBJECTIVE To compare the body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and the prevalence of BMI at or above the 85th centile and 95th centile (overweight) in adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional, nationally representative school-based surveys in 1997-1998 by means of identical data collection methods. SETTING Austria, Czech Republic, Den...

Low birth weight is associated with increased risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); however, the etiological underpinnings of this relationship remain unclear. This study investigated if genetic variants in angiogenic, dopaminergic, neurotrophic, kynurenine, and cytokine-related biological pathways moderate the relationship between birth weight and ADHD symptom severity. A t...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal blood glucose excursions correlate with deviation from optimized birth weight. METHODS Patients were recruited for 3-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) plus self-blood glucose monitoring followed by routine diabetes screening at 26-28 weeks gestation. Patients and caregivers were blinded to CGM results. The m...

OBJECTIVE To establish a centile chart of cervical length between 18 and 32 weeks of gestation in a low-risk population of women. METHODS A prospective longitudinal cohort study of women with a low risk, singleton pregnancy using public healthcare facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. Transvaginal measurement of cervical length was performed between 16 and 32 weeks of gestation and used to c...

We report two sisters with macrocephaly, epilepsy, and severe mental retardation. The first child was a 14 year old girl born at term after a normal pregnancy, with birth weight 3600 g and occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) 36 cm (75th centile). Her head size increased markedly during the first six months of life, and was later stable at 2-3 cm above the 97.5th centile. Her development was cha...