The use of intergovernmental grants in educational policies may give rise to a conflict between gains attributable local flexibility and the central government’s intention narrow gaps school spending resource across jurisdictions. This paper estimates impact on resources Norwegian government grant intended decrease student-teacher ratio primary (grades 1–4). was given 100 municipalities with hi...

BACKGROUND Decentralised health systems in Tanzania depend largely on funding from the central government to run health services. Experience has shown that central funding in a decentralised system is not an appropriate approach to ensure the effective and efficient performance of local authorities due to several limitations. One of the limitations is that funds from the central government are ...

1. introduction nowadays in most of the countries in the world there is a growing trend towards decentralization and development of local governments. one of the most cited reasons for this issue is the fact that most of the countries apply the decentralization process as a method for enhancing the performance of public sectors and the economic development in as much as the central government w...

While there is some dispute over the definition of federal systems of government and which of the world's countries should be considered as federations, the essential feature of this type of government is the combination of a central or general government with regional ones ruling directly over shared territory and citizens. Sovereignty is shared with each level of government having a degree of...